Ihlobo - kungekhona nje ixesha leeholide, kodwa nokuphakama kokutyhelwa kokutya kubantwana. Ukuze ungangonakalisi iholide yentsapho, umntu kufuneka ahambisane nemithetho elula. Cinga ukuba kutheni ukutya kwesifo kumntwana, iimpawu kunye nokonyango lwe-pathology zenzeka.
Utyhefu lokutya - Iibangela
Ubunzima beempawu zokugula ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kokutya okusemgangathweni okanye utywala, kubonakala kubantwana ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabantu abadala. Ukukhusela umntwana wakho kwiingxaki zempilo, kubalulekile ukuqonda, ngenxa yento eyenza ukuba utyhefu lokutya kumntwana. Izizathu ze-Causal zihlukaniswe zibe ngamaqela amathathu aphezulu:
- Amayeza asetyenziswayo - iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, ii-protozoa microorganisms.
- Ukutyhefuza izinto eziqulethwe kukutya kwemifuno, inyama yezilwanyana - umzekelo, kuma-mushroom angenakulungiswa, amajikijolo, iintlanzi, i-molluscs.
- Izinto ezinobuthi ezinobuthi ziyimichiza enobuthi efaka iimveliso zokutya xa ziphathwa ngophethiloli kunye nezinto ezinjalo.
Ukuba ukugcinwa okungafanelekanga (ukungathobeli umgangatho weqondo lokushisa, ubomi beshefu, imithetho yokupakisha, njl.) Nokuphatha ngendlela engafanelekanga (ukuhlamba, ukulungiswa kwiimeko ezingafanelekanga, ukungagcinwa kwamasu okupheka, njl.), Iimveliso zokutya ziyakwandisa ngokukhawuleza ii-pathogens. Kule meko, kungekhona rhoqo ngamehlo, iphunga, ukunambitha kunokukrokrelwa kakubi. Ukungena emzimbeni wabantwana ngamaninzi athile, ii-pathogens zivusa ukutyhefu kokutya kumntwana onempawu ezibonakalayo kunye nesidingo sokonyango oluphuthumayo.
Iimpawu zobutyhefu bokutya kubantwana
Ukutyhelwa kotyhefu kumntwana onempawu kunye nonyango ahluke kakhulu kwalabantu abakwizigulane zabantu abadala zidlalwa ngamagatya amabini: i-latent kunye nexesha lophuhliso lweklinikhi. Ekuqaleni, xa izinto ezinobuthi ziqala ukungena kwigazi, unokubona ubungqina obuthathaka, i-malaise, ukuguquka kokuziphatha, ukwandisa ukujuluka kumntwana.
Emva koko ulandela impawu zokutya ezityhefu kubantwana, isiteji esifanayo ukusuka ekungeneni okupheleleyo kwee-toxins kunye nee-pathogens egazini ngaphambi kokuba zisuswe emzimbeni. Eziphambili zi:
- isicefe
- ukuhlanza ;
- ukukhathazeka esiswini;
- ukucima;
- isifo sohudo;
- i-blanching yolusu;
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- intloko;
- umlomo owomileyo.
Umntwana unobuthi obungakanani?
Inyaniso yokuba ukutyhelwa kokutya kubonakala kwizigulane ezincinci kuxhomekeka kwizinto eziliqela: ubudala, ubuninzi kunye nohlobo lokutya oludliwayo, uhlobo lwe-agent ekhuselekileyo yesifo okanye i-toxin, iimpawu ezithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukususela kumzuzu wokutya kunye nokutya okungafanelekanga ukubonakala kweempawu zokuqala ezothusayo, kuthatha isigqibo seyure ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbini, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isidlo esifanayo kubantu abadala asiyi kubangela ukugula, i-tk. Isistim somzimba esivuthiweyo siphendula ngokuthe ngempumelelo kwiimvilogciwane. Kuyabantwana, nangona kunjalo, ukukhwabanisa ukutyhefu kuphezulu ngenxa yeemeko ezinjalo:
- ukuxhamla ngokukhawuleza kweentyatyambo ezisuka kumlomo we-mucosa, umgudu wamathumbu ngenxa yokujikeleza kwegazi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegazi kwisitho;
- kuncipha i-acidity gastric acidity;
- Isizukulwana esingekho esaneleyo se-enzyme zokungathathi ngokukhawuleza kunye nokupheliswa kwezinto ezinobuthi;
- Ubunono bokuhlutha okuphantsi kweentso.
Yintoni enokuyenza xa utyhefu lokutya emntwaneni?
Ukutyhelwa kotyhefu kumntwana obushushu, ngokukodwa ngaphezulu kwe-37.5 ° C, kudinga ukunakekelwa ngonyango oluphuthumayo. Ukongeza, ukushiya abantwana unyango ekhaya ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela akuvumelekanga ukuba:
- umthombo wetyhefu - iifungi , izityalo ezinobuthi;
- ngenxa yokuhlanza rhoqo, umntwana akanako ukutshiza;
- ubudala beminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu;
- Iimpawu ziqhubeka zingaphaya kweentsuku ezimbini ngaphandle kokuphuculwa;
- emanzini okanye ahlanza amaninzi zikhona izinto ezikhoyo zegazi;
- akukho mveliso yomchamo ngeeyure ezingama-6 okanye ngaphezulu;
- ukuba iimpawu ziphuziphuza ulusu, umonakalo, umbono otyhafisiweyo, intetho edibeneyo;
- Ukubonakalisa okufanayo kumnye umntu osuka kumalungu entsapho.
Uncedo lokuqala lokutya umtyhefu kumntwana
Abazali abafanelekileyo bayadingeka ukuba banolwazi malunga noko kunikwa abantwana ngexesha lokutya kwesetyhefu, luncedo luni lunokunikwa ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha afike, ukuze angabi nkunkuma ngexesha elixabisekileyo. Ukutyhelwa kotyhefu kumntwana, iimpawu kunye nokunyanga okufumene ukusabela okwaneleyo ngexesha elivela kwizihlobo, kuphelile ngokukhuselekileyo, ukuphucula ngokupheleleyo.
Izenzo ezinokubonakala kwemibonakalo yokuqala ebangelwayo kufuneka zibe ngolu hlobo:
- Ukuba emva kokutya ukutya kungadluli ngaphezu kweeyure ezimbini kwaye phakathi kweempawu zokutyhefuza akukho ukuhlanza, kufuneka uyibize ngokufanelekileyo (kuba lo mntwana kufuneka aphuze malunga neeklasi ezimbini zamanzi okanye ubisi kwindawo yokushisa, kwaye ucinezele kwingcambu yolwimi ngomnwe okanye i-spoon).
- Ukusela kakhulu umntwana - kaninzi, kodwa kwiindawo ezincinci.
- Nika umntwana i-sorbent kwimilinganiselo enxulumene nobudala (i-activated charcoal, i-Enterosgel, i-Polysorb, i-Polyphepan, i-White amalahle okanye abanye).
Umntwana ufuna ukuqinisekisa uxolo olupheleleyo, ukufika komoya omtsha. Ukuba umntwana uhlamba, umele umbeke eceleni kwakhe ngaphambi kokuba uye kwi-ambulensi kwaye uhlale uqaphele ukuba izihlwele eziphumayo zingavimbeli i-airways kwaye umntwana akanako. Ukulawulwa, kufuneka ugcine ukushisa komzimba. Nika i-painkillers okanye ezinye iziyobisi, ngaphezu koku ngasentla, akunakwenzeka.
Ukusela kufuneka kunikezwe yonke imizuzu emi-5-10 ye-1-5 sips. Umkhuhlane waloo mfuziselo kufuneka uqhathanise ukushisa komzimba wengane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukwenzela ukuba ufikelele ngokukhawuleza. Isisombululo sisebenzisa izixazululo zokuvuselela amanzi (Regidron, Oralit, Hydrolit, njl.), Kodwa kulo mzekelo umntwana kufuneka anikezelwe nayiphi na isiselo apho avuma ukusela (amanzi, i-compote, uzvar, ijusi ehlanjululwayo, itiye ephosiweyo, njl njl.).
Ukutya kwesetyhe kumntwana - yintoni ukunyanga?
Imisebenzi yabazali iquka intlangano echanekileyo yokuncediswa kokuqala, ngoko utywala lokutya kumntwana kufuneka uphathwe ngokufanelekileyo. Emva kokufumanisa izizathu kunye nokusekwa umfanekiso opheleleyo we-pathology, le okanye le nyeza yokutya ubuthi kubantwana imiselwe. Xa kufumaneka ukutyhelwa kokutya, oku kulandelayo kunokucetyiswa:
- i antibiotics (furazolidone, phthalazole);
- i-antispasmodics (Akukho-shpa, Spazmol);
- izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal ezichasayo (iParacetamol, Ibuprofen);
- i-antiemetics (Motilac, Cerucal);
- iziyobisi ezichasayo (Attapulgite, Loperamide);
- probiotics , prebiotics (iBifidumbacterin, Lineks, Hilak-forte).
Ukutya ukutya kokutyhefu kwabantwana
Xa utyhefu lokutya luqala, ukuhlanza kumntwana kusebenza njengendlela yokukhusela izinto ezikhuselayo. Ukulayisha inkqubo yesisu ngokutya ngeli xesha (iiyure ezimbalwa ezalandelayo, imini) akufanele kube, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba umntwana ngokwakhe uya kufuna ukutya ngelixa ehluphekileyo. Ngaphandle kwezingane ezifumana ubisi lwebele .
Yintoni ongayidla xa ukutya kutyhefu umntwana?
Abazali abaninzi banomdla ukuba kunokwenzeka yini ukondla umntwana ngokutya okutyhefu. Kuye kwathiwa ukuba ekuqaleni kokuphuhliswa kwesetyha umzimba, xa uzama ukuzihlambulula izixhobo ezinobuthi, akukho nto inconywayo. Ukuxhatshazwa kunokuncedisa, kodwa kuncinci kwaye kunciphisa isahluko kabini. Emva koko yonke into ixhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana. Njengomthetho, ukuba umntwana ngokwakhe ucele ukutya, oku kubonisa ukuphucula, kwaye ke unokunika ukutya okulula.
Yintoni ongayidla emva kokutya umtyhefu kumntwana?
Ukutya emva kokutya ubuthi kubantwana kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela imisebenzi yenkqubo yokutya kunye nokuzalisa izondlo. Iziqephu kufuneka zincitshiswe, ukutya - kube lula. Ukugatya kufuneka kube kwintlaba, eyosiweyo, impahla ebhaka, ubisi, iipesele, imifuno eluhlaza kunye neziqhamo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokutyhefuza, xa iimpawu ezinzima ziza kuphelisa:
- porridges ezinamanzi emanzini;
- iifatata ezigcotyiweyo ;
- inyama ephekiweyo;
- iimveliso zobisi ezivuthayo;
- imifuno ebilisiwe.
Ukutya ubuthi kubantwana kunye nokukhusela kwabo
Ukuthintela utyhefu lokutya, kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele le mithetho elandelayo:
- Geza ngokupheleleyo imifuno, iziqhamo, izityalo, amajikijolo.
- Ukunyanga okutshatyalaliswa kwentsholongwane yenyama, intlanzi, amaqanda, i-cottage shiese, ubisi.
- Musa ukunika umntwana amakhowa.
- Phuza ngamanzi abilisiwe okanye amabhodlela.
- Geza izandla emva kwendlu yangasese, ubuyele kwisitalato, ngaphambi kokutya nokupheka.
- Gcina iimveliso kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, ukubeka iliso kwi-shelf life.