Iyintoni i-cerebral palsy kubantwana, kutheni kukho isifo, nendlela yokujongana nayo?

Ngokuphathelele isifo esinjenge-cerebral palsy, wonke umntu wayeva ubuncinane kanye, nangona, mhlawumbi, akazange afikelele. Yintoni i-cerebral palsy ngokubanzi? Ingqiqo idibanisa iqela leemoto ezingapheliyo ezinokuvela ngenxa yomonakalo kwizakhiwo zengqondo, kwaye oku kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ngexesha lokubeleka. Iziphazamiso eziphawulwe ngokukhubazeka zingahluka.

Izifo zentsholongwane ye-cerebral - yintoni na?

I-cerebral palsy iyisifo senkqubo ye-nervous eyenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwengqondo: i-trunk, i-cortex, iindawo ezincinci, ii-capsules. Ukukhubazeka kwenkqubo yeentlungu ze-cerebral infalty inborns does not inherit, kodwa ezinye iimeko zokuzalwa zithatha inxaxheba (ukuya kwi-15% yamatyala). Ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-cerebral palsy kubantwana, oogqirha bayakwazi ukuyixilonga ngexesha kwaye banqande ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo ngexesha lokubeleka.

Iifom zokukhubazeka kwamagciwane

I-pathology iquka izifo ezihlukeneyo: ukukhubazeka kunye neparresis, i-hyperkinesia, utshintsho kwimiyalezo ye-muscle, intetho kunye nokunyanzelanisa ukuhamba, ukulahla kwithuthuthu kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo. Ngokwesiko, kuqhelekile ukwahlula ukukhubazeka kwesiberebhu kwiifom. Iinqununu ezintlanu (kunye ne-non-thin and mixed):

1. I-dipsgia ye-spastic yindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhubazeka (ama-40% amatyala), apho izihlunu zamalungu angaphezulu okanye ezingezantsi zingasebenzi, umlenze kunye namajoyina aphelile.
2. I-spratic tetraplegia , inxalenye okanye ukukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo kweengcambu - enye yeefom ezinzima kakhulu, ezibonakaliswe ngokuxhatshazwa kwemisipha engqongqo. Umntu akakwazi ukulawula imilenze nezandla zakhe, ubandezeleka.
3. Ifomu ye-hemiplegic ibonakaliswe ukubuthathaka kwezihlunu zesigamu esinye somzimba. Isandla kwicala elichaphazelekayo lithwele ngaphezu komlenze. Ubunzima buyi-32%.
4. Ngesinye amaxesha ifomu le-Dyskinetic (hyperkinetic) ifunyenwe kwezinye iindidi zokukhubazeka kwecerebral. Kubonakaliswa kwintlobo yokunyakaza okungazibandakanyeki kwiingalo nasemilenzeni, imisipha yobuso nentamo.
5. I-Ataxic - uhlobo lokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, olubonakaliswe kwisitampu se-muscle esinciphisa, i-ataxia (ukungalingani kwezenzo). Ukunyakaza kuyavalwa, ibhalansi iphazamiseka kakhulu.

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo yabantwana - izizathu ze

Ukuba enye yeefom of cerebral palsy iyaqhubeka, izizathu zokuqala zingahluka. Zichaphazela ukuphuhliswa komntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nenyanga yokuqala yobomi bentsana. Umngcipheko omkhulu ubungozi bokuqala . Kodwa isizathu esona sikhulu asikwazi ukuzimisela. Iinkqubo eziphambili ezikhokelela ekubeni eso sifo njengesifo sokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral sikhula:

1. I-hypotraia ye-intrauterine ye-fetus kunye nezilonda ze-ischemic. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-oksijeni, ezo nxalenye zengqondo eziphendula ukubonelelwa kweendlela ezisetyenziswayo.
2. Ukuphazamiseka kokuphuhliswa kwezakhiwo zobuchopho.
3. I-Rhesus-impikiswano kunye nophuhliso lwe-hemolytic jaundice yeintsana.
4. I-pathology yokukhulelwa ( ukuphazamiseka kwamapaka , i- nephropathy ). Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba i-cerebral palsy iyaqhubeka, izizathu zihlala kwizifo ezithintekayo zikamama: isifo sikashukela, ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, njl njl.
5. Ukwelashwa kwe-intrauterine yintsholongwane, njenge-herpes.
6. Iphutha lezonyango ngexesha lokuzalwa.
7. Umonakalo ochaphazelekayo kunye nobuthi ebuchosheni kwasebuntwaneni.

Iimpawu zoPhuzo lweCerebral Palsy

Xa kuvela umbuzo: yintoni i-cerebral palsy, ngokukhawuleza ifika kwingqondo yengqondo ngokusebenza kwemisebenzi engenzileyo kunye nentetho. Enyanisweni, malunga neyesithathu yabantwana abanolu xilongo bahlakulela ezinye izifo zemizimba ezifana ne-cerebral palsy kuphela ngaphandle. Impawu zokuqala zokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral ziyafumaneka emva kokuzalwa. Iimpawu eziphambili zibonakaliswe kwiintsuku ezingama-30 zokuqala:

• ukungabikho kwe-flexible lumbar kunye neengxowa phantsi kwamatye;
• i-asymmetry ebonakalayo ye-trunk;
• ithoni okanye ububuthaka;
• ukungavamile, ukunyanzeliswa kwengane;
• ukuxubha kwezihlunu ngokukhubazeka ngokwengxenye;
• ukulahleka kwesidlo, ukuxhalaba.

Emva koko, xa umntwana eqala ukuhlakulela ngokukhawuleza, i-pathology ibonakalisa ukungabikho kwemilinganiselo efunekayo kunye nokuphendula. Ingane ayinayo intloko, iphendulela ngokukhawuleza kwisiguqu kwaye ayisaphenduli kwintengiselwano, yenza intshukumo efanayo kwaye ithatha ingxaki engavamile, ingasondeli isifuba, ibonisa ukucaphukisa ngokweqile okanye ukunyaniseka. Ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezi-3 ubudala, kunengqiqo yokwenza ukuxilongwa ukuba ukhangelelisisa uphuhliso lolutsha.

Amanyathelo okukhubazeka kwecerebral

Ngaphambili kwangaphambili ukukhubazeka kufunyaniswa, inkulu ithuba lokunyanga. Isi sifo asiqhubeki, kodwa konke kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomonakalo wengqondo. Amanyathelo okukhubazeka kwengqondo kubantwana ahlukeneyo:

• ekuqaleni, iimpawu ezivela kwiintsana ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3;
• ukusalela kokuqala (ukuhlaliswa), okuhambelana neminyaka engama-4 ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu, xa kusetyenziswa i-strootyptic motor and stereotypes, kodwa ingabhalwa;
• ukutsala kwexesha elide, elibhekiselele kwi-set of manifestations engabonakaliyo kwiminyaka yangaphambili.

Unyango lwepheney

Akusoloko ukuxilongwa kwe-cerebral palsy kuqinisekisa ukukhubazeka nokungafihli, kodwa unyango olunzima lubalulekile ukuqala ngexesha. Ingqondo yomntwana inamathuba amaninzi okubuyisela imisebenzi yayo. Umsebenzi oyintloko wokonyango ebuntwaneni kukuphuhliswa kobuninzi bezakhono. Kwisigaba sokuqala, oku kuquka ukulungiswa kweziphazamiso zeemoto, i-gymnastics kunye nokuxutywa, ukuvuselelwa kweengcamango. Imizamo yoogqirha ijoliswe ekubanjeni i-pathologies, inokumiselwa:

• iziyobisi ukwenzela ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olungapheliyo ;
• izidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwe-CSN;
• unyango lwe vithamini;
• physiotherapy.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphilisa i-cerebral palsy?

Umbuzo oyintloko okhathazayo ngabazali benkomo egulayo: ngaba unako ukuphilisa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kumntwana ngokupheleleyo? Ayikwazi ukuchazwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ngakumbi xa utshintsho lwenzeka kwizakhiwo zobomi, kodwa isifo sinakho ukulungiswa. Xa uneminyaka engama-3 kwi-60-70% yamatyala kunokwenzeka ukubuyisela ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwengqondo kwaye ngakumbi imisebenzi yemoto. Kwinqanaba labazali kubalulekile ukuba ungaphuthelwa iimpawu zokuqala, ungayigxina ukubonakaliswa kokungaqhelekanga ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokubeletha.

I-Cerebral Palsy - Iingcebiso zeCliniki

Umsebenzi ogqithisileyo oogqirha abhekane nomntwana onobuchopho bentsholongwane awunakuchukumisa kakhulu ukuguqula isigulane. Ingane kufuneka ikwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo. Utyando lubandakanya unyango kunye nezinye iindlela zokwelapha, kwakunye nokuqeqesha: uphuhliso lweengingqi, ukuphucula ukuva nokuthetha, ukulungelelaniswa kwezentlalo. Xa ukuxilongwa kwe-infancy cerebral palsy, unyango alukwazi ukungaqali. Yonke into incike kwi-complexity and localization of the lesion.

Ukufumba kwi-cerebral palsy

Ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi i-CPI kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqala ukuvuselelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, abazali bomntwana kufuneka bahlale rhoqo kwiikholeji zokwelapha kunye nokusebenzisa unyango. Iinkqubo zemihla ngemihla kuphela xa u tyelela ugqirha, kodwa nakwikhaya-isitshixo ekuphumeleleni. Izigulane ezinokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral zifumana inzuzo enkulu kwi-massage: ukuhamba kwe-lymph kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kuphucula, i-metabolism isebenze, imisipha eyonakalisiwe ikhululekile okanye ivuselelwe (kuxhomekeke kwingxaki). Ukuhlamba kufuneka kwenziwe kwiqela elithile leemisipha kwaye lidibanise nokunyakaza okuphefumulayo. Inkqubo yobudala yokuphumla:

1. Ukunyakaza okulula kunye nokukhanya okusemgangathweni kwe-masseur, ukukhanda isikhumba.
2. Ukukhwabanisa kwezihlunu zegxala kunye nokudibanisa.
3. Ukuqhawula amaqela amakhulu emisipha.
4. Ukuxubha, kuquka ukuqina, umzimba wonke, umva, iintsimbi.

Iimpawu zabantwana abane-cerebral palsy

Abazali banokuba nzima ukwamkela ukuxilongwa okwenzelwe umntwana wabo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba angayishiyi kwaye aqondise yonke imizamo yokulungisa nokulungiswa komntwana. Xa befumana unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango, abantu abane-cerebral palsy baziziva bezele amalungu apheleleyo kuluntu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba i-pathology nganye ibonakaliswe kwimiyalelo ethile, oku kubeka uhlobo lweyeza, ubude balo kunye nokuxela (okulungileyo okanye akunjalo). Izixhobo zokuphuhliswa kwabantwana abanokukhubazeka zibangelwa ubunzima obuvela ngexesha lokuququzelela ukuhamba. Oku kubonakaliswe kwezi zilandelayo:

1. Ukunyuswa okufutshane, okubangela ukungalingani ekuphuhlisweni kokucinga. Kukho iingxaki ngokufunda izibalo, kuba nzima ukuba abantwana baqwalasele.
2. Izifo zengqondo - ukwanda kwengozi, ukuphazamiseka, ukuthintela kubazali.
3. Utshintshe amandla engqondo. Kwimeko apho iingqondo zikhula ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye zixhaphake kuphela, umntwana akakwazi ukugaya yonke into engenayo ngokukhawuleza njengontanga.

Ukunyamekela umntwana onesifo sokukhubazeka kwecerebral

Yintoni ebalulekileyo ukuqwalasela kunye nokunyamekela umntwana onokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral ngokwemigomo yengqondo nangokwenyama? Oku kuthethwa ukuthotyelwa kwazo zonke iziphakamiso zikagqirha, ukusetyenziswa, ukuqinisekisa ubuthongo obufanelekileyo, ukuhamba rhoqo, imidlalo, ukubhukuda, iiklasi. Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana ubone iintshukumo zemihla ngemihla njengomsebenzi owongezelelweyo wokulungisa iipatheni zokuhamba. Esi sicwangciso sengqondo, ikamva lomntwana kuxhomekeke kubazali. Ukuba ubonisa ububele kunye nokugcinwa ngokugqithiseleyo, inkunzi inokuvala ngaphakathi kwayo, ilwela ukuphuhliswa.

Imithetho ilandelayo:

1. Musa ukugxininisa iimpawu zokuziphatha ezibangelwa yisifo.
2. Ukubonakaliswa komsebenzi, ngokuchaseneyo, bakhuthazwa.
3. Ukwenza ukuzithemba okulungileyo.
4. Khuthaza amanyathelo amatsha ekuphuhlisweni.

Izixhobo zabantwana abane-cerebral palsy

Ukuba i-cerebral palsy kwiintsana ezitsha zingabonakali kuyo yonke into, ngoko emva kwentsholongwane ukuhlukana kubonakala. Umntwana kunzima ukugcina isithuba esifanelekileyo ngenkathi ulala, uhleli, ulungelelaniso lwenkohlakalo luphukile. I-footestal ishukunyiswa kwaye ayifumaneki ngoncedo lwesicandelo esikhethekileyo. Ukubuyiselwa kwabantwana abane-cerebral palsy (kuquka nabantwana) kuthetha ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinjalo:

1. Ukutshata - unxantathu womnxeba, obeka phantsi kwesifuba somntwana ukulala okulula. Ingxenye ephezulu ye-trunk iphakanyisiwe, umntwana kulula ukulawula isikhundla sekhanda, ukuhambisa izandla kunye neenyawo.
2. Ibhodi yamacandelo kuthetha ukulungisa indawo yomzimba kwicala layo. Yenzelwe abantwana abaneziphene ezinzima.
3. I-stender oblique iyimfuneko yokuqonda ukuma kwemiqathango. Umntwana usekwinqanaba elithile (lilungelelaniswa).
4. I-Stoiak - ifana ne-stander, kodwa ijoliswe kubantwana abawaziyo ukubamba isikhundla se-trunk, kodwa abanako ukuma ngaphandle kwenkxaso.
5. Imisipha yokumisa , apho umntwana usenokukwazi ukugcina i-pelvis kunye namahlombe kwinqanaba elinye, intloko kumgca ophakathi. Ukuncitshiswa kuzama ukucima umva.
6. Iimveliso zemidlalo zi-rollers ezithambileyo, iibhola ezingaphathekiyo.

Ukuphuhliswa kwabantwana abane-cerebral palsy

Ukuphucula ukuxilongwa, ukongezelela kokunyanga, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba imisebenzi yophuhliso kunye nabantwana, ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral kudinga ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke: unyango lwentetho, iselula, amanzi, njl. Ngabantwana kuyakunceda ukudlala imidlalo, ukuphucula ukucoca, ukuhlola, ukuvakalelwa, ukuphuhlisa ingqalelo. Iimpawu zezilwanyana kunye neebhola ziyizona zinto zifikeleleke kwaye zisebenzise. Kodwa akukho ngaphantsi kweemveliso ezithengiweyo zomntwana ezenza izinto ezilula:

• maqhosha;
• ukucokisa intsimbi;
• iphepha;
• izitya;
• isanti;
• amanzi, njl

I-Cerebral Palsy - Forecast

Ukuba ukuxilongwa kwe-cerebral palsy kwenziwe, ukuxeliswa kubomi ngokuqhelekileyo kulungile. Izigulana zingaba ngabazali abaqhelekileyo kwaye ziphile ubomi obudala kakhulu, nangona ukuhlala kwexesha lokuphila kungancitshiswa ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ukuphuhliswa kwesifo sesibini-ukuhluthwa, kunye nokungabikho kokuhlengahlengiswa koluntu kuluntu. Ukuba uqala unyango ngexesha, unokufikelela ekupheliseni ngokupheleleyo.

Yintoni i-cerebral palsy? Okungathandekiyo, kodwa kungeyona ingozi yokugula, apho kukho ithuba lokuphila ubomi obupheleleyo. Ngokwezibalo, i-2-6 kuma-1000 abantwana abatsha bayabulawa yi-cerebral palsy kwaye baphoqeleke ukuba baphinde baphuculwe. Uphuhliso luyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ezininzi izigulana (ukuya kuma-85%) zinomzimba omncinci kwaye unomlinganiselo wokuphila kwaye zikhokelela ngokupheleleyo. Isiqinisekiso sokuphumelela: uxilongwe ebuntwaneni kunye nokuhamba kwimiba epheleleyo yemisebenzi - unyango kunye ne-physiotherapy, iiklasi zekhaya rhoqo.