Uluhlu lwezilwanyana ezinobungozi ngokukhethekileyo luquka ezo zifo ezibonakaliswe ngengozi ekhethekileyo yesifo, banako ukusasazwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwabantu. Ziye zibonakaliswe ngumoya okhoyo, ingozi enkulu yokubulala kwaye ingaba sisiseko sezinto eziphilayo zokubhubhisa. Cinga ukuba izifo ezifakwe kuluhlu ziyingozi kakhulu, kwaye nendlela onokuzikhusela ngayo kwiintsholongwane.
Izifo ezinobungozi ngokukhethekileyo kunye nezifo zabo
Ezonyango zehlabathi azikho imilinganiselo efananayo malunga nokuba izifo ezithintekayo kufuneka zithathwa njengengozi kakhulu. Uluhlu lwezifo ezinjalo luhluke kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, lunokuxhaswa ngezifo ezintsha kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, zibandakanya ezinye izifo.
Okwangoku, i-epidemiologists yasekhaya ihambelana nololuhlu, olubandakanya 5 izifo eziyingozi kakhulu:
- i-anthrax;
- kholera ;
- sibetho;
- Tularemia;
- i-yellow fever (kunye nezifo ezifanayo ze-Ebola kunye neMarburg).
Anthrax
Usulelo lwe-Zoonotic, i.e. idluliselwa kumntu kwizilwanyana. I-agent causative yesifo yi-bacillus ye-spore-form, egcinwe emhlabathini amashumi eminyaka. Umthombo wentsholongwane yizilwanyana zasekhaya ezigulayo (ezinkulu kunye nezinkomo ezincinci, iifolo, njl.). Usulelo luya kwenzeka ngenye yeendlela ezilandelayo:
- ipini;
- uthuli lomoya;
- ukutya;
- kuthunyelwa.
Esi sifo sinenkathi emfutshane yokuxubusha (kwiintsuku ezi-3). Ngokuxhomekeka kwimifanekiso yekliniki ye-anthrax, kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-anthrax:
- isikhumba;
- esisisu;
- pulmonari.
Ikholera
Isifo se-bacteria esilungileyo, seqela lezonyango zamathumbu. I-agent ekhuselekileyo yokhusulelo yi-cholera vibrio, egcinwe kakuhle kumaqondo aphantsi kunye nakwimimandla yasemanzini. Imithombo yentsholongwane ngumntu ogulayo (kubandakanywa kwinqanaba lokubuyisela) kunye nomphathi we-vibrio. Usulelo luvela kwindlela yomlomo.
Ixesha lokutshala ngokutsha kwesifo lifikelela kwiintsuku ezingama-5. Eyona nto iyingozi yindlala yekholera, ehamba ngefom ephosiweyo okanye ye-atypical.
Isibetho
Isifo esithathelanayo sisifo esichaphazelekayo kakhulu kwaye kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukufa. I-agent causative yi-plaque, eyadluliselwa ngabantu abagulayo, iigundane kunye nezinambuzane (iintambo, njl.). I-wand yegulane inqabile kakhulu, imelana nokushisa okuphantsi. Indlela yokudlulisa ihlukile:
- kuthunyelwa;
- ukunyuka komoya.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zesibetho, ezona ziqhelekileyo zazo zi-pulmonary kunye ne-bubonic. Ixesha lokuxubusha lunokufikelela kwiintsuku ezingama-6.
Tularemia
Usulelo olujoliswe kwendalo, oluyingozi kakhulu, luye lwaziwa ngokutsha kuluntu. I-agent causative yi-anaerobic tularemia bacillus. Iindawo zokukhusela iintsholongwane, ezinye izilwanyana (izibilini, izimvu, njl njl njl), iintaka. Ngelo xesha, abantu abagulayo abaxhatshazwayo. Kukho iindlela ezilandelayo zentsholongwane:
- kuthunyelwa;
- ukuphefumula;
- ipini;
- zokutya.
Ixesha lokutshala, ngokuqhelekileyo, liintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-tularemia:
- emathunjini;
- bubonic;
- jikelele;
- isilon-bubonic kunye nabanye.
Umkhuhlane ophuzi
Ubuntsholongwane obunobungozi obukhethekileyo, obufana ne-malaria. I-agent causative yi-arbovirus, idluliselwa ngokukhawulela ummi. I-Ebola kunye ne-Marburg fever zibangelwa yi-filoviruses, ezithwalwe yizinkoma eziluhlaza zaseAfrika kunye neentlobo ezithile zezilwanyana. Usulelo luvela ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- ukuqhubela umoya;
- ipini.
Ukuthintela izifo eziyingozi kakhulu
Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho olukhuselekileyo lwezilwanyana ezibangelwa yi-personal prophylaxis, eyilungiselela:
- Ukusetyenziswa kuqinisekiswe ngamanzi aphephile kunye neziyobisi;
- Ukuhlamba ngokucacileyo izithelo kunye nemifuno;
- kuthatha kuphela ukutya okuphethwe ngomoya;
- ukuhlamba kwindawo ekhethekileyo;
- ukugcinwa kwemimiselo yococeko lomntu, njl
Ukugonywa kufuneka kwakhona kwenziwe xa kunokwenzeka.