Izifo zengqondo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje aziqhelekanga kwaye umendo unjalo ukuba kukho zonke iil syndromes ezitsha ezingafundwa yisayensi. Uxinzelelo olungqinelanayo, imikhwa engafanelekiyo, ukunyuka kwezinto eziphilayo - zonke ezi zimbangela zezifo zomphefumlo ziphela nje kwi-iceberg.
Ziziphi izifo zengqondo?
Isifo sengqondo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa ukugula komphefumlo. Ezi zifo zichasene ngokuthe ngqo kwimpilo yengqondo yengqondo kunye nokusebenza komntu ngamnye. Inkambo yesifo ingaba lula, ngoko umntu unokuhlala ehlala kuluntu, kwiimeko ezinzima - umntu "uhlambulukile" ngokupheleleyo. Izifo zesifo esesabekayo (i-schizophrenia, ukuxhamla, ukusela utywala kwisigaba se-abstinence syndrome) kukhokelela kwingqondo yengqondo, xa isigulane sikwazi ukuzilimaza yena nabanye.
Iintlobo zesifo sengqondo
Ukwahlula kwezifo zengqondo kuboniswe ngolu hlobo lwamacandelo amabini amakhulu:
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungapheliyo-kubangelwa yimiba yangaphakathi yenkxwaleko, ngokuqhelekileyo i-genetic ( schizophrenia , ingxaki ye-bipolar, isifo sika-Parkinson, isifo sengqondo esisemgangathweni, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngokuphathelele kwiminyaka).
- Izifo zengqondo eziqhelekileyo (impembelelo yezinto zangaphandle - i-craniocerebral trauma, izifo ezinzulu) - i-psychoses esebenzayo, i-neuroses, iingxaki zokuziphatha.
Izizathu zokugula kwengqondo
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zengqondo ziye zafundwa ngeengcali ngexesha elide, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuyaqhubeka kunzima ukuchonga imbangela yale nto okanye ukuphambuka, kodwa ngokubanzi kukho inani lemvelo okanye ingozi yokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo:
- imeko engalunganga;
- ukuzalwa;
- ukukhulelwa okungaphumeleli;
- i-craniocebral trauma;
- ukuxhaphazwa kwabantwana ebuntwaneni;
- neurointoxication;
- ukwenzakala kwengqondo.
Ngaba izifo zengqondo zifa?
Uninzi lwezifo zengqondo zizuze ilifa, kubakho ukuba kukho iimeko eziqhelekileyo, ingakumbi ukuba abazali bobabini banezifo zengqondo emndenini, okanye abafazi bodwa abahlali kakuhle. Izifo zengqondo:
- schizophrenia;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
- ukudandatheka;
- ukuhluthwa;
- Isifo se-Alzheimer;
- schizotypic disorder.
Iimpawu zokugula kwengqondo
Ubukho beempawu ezininzi, kukuvumela ukuba umrhwebe umntu onokugula kunye nesifo sengqondo, kodwa ukubonisana ngokufanelekileyo kunye noviwo kunye neengcali kungabonisa isifo okanye iimpawu zobuntu. Impawu eziqhelekileyo zokugula ngengqondo:
- iindawo zokuhlola ezibonwayo;
- i-delirium;
- dromomania;
- Ixesha elide lokudandatheka, ukuphepha koluntu;
- ukungahambi;
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunye neziyobisi;
- ubuqili kunye nokuqinisekiswa;
- umnqweno wokubangela ukulimala ngokwenyama;
- ukuzenzekelayo;
- kuhlonywa;
- ukuphulwa kwentando.
Unyango lwezifo zengqondo
Izifo zengqondo - olu hlobo lwezifo, ludinga unyango lwezonyango lingekho ngaphantsi kwezifo zenyama. Ngamanye amaxesha kuphela ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezonyango, okanye unyango lwe-psychotherapy olusebenzayo, luncedisa ukunciphisa ukubola komntu kwiindlela ezinzima ze-schizophrenia, ukuhlutha. Izifo zengqondo, unyango lweziyobisi:
- I-neuroleptics - ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwengqondo, ukunyanzelisa, ukunyanzelisa (aminazine, sonapaks);
- ukuzincama - ukunciphisa uxhala, ukuphucula ubuthongo (fenozepam, buspirone);
- izidandlululo - kusebenze iinkqubo zengqondo, ukuphucula imvakalelo (isimangaliso, ixel).
Hypnosis Ukwelashwa kwezifo zengqondo
Izifo zengqondo eziqhelekileyo ziphathwa ngokungekho ngoncedo lwe- hypnosis . Ukungonakali kwonyango lwe-hypnosis kukuba kuphela ipesenti ezigulane ezigula ngengqondo. Kodwa kukho iziganeko eziphumelelayo zexesha elide emva kweengxoxo ze-hypnosis, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba izifo ezinjalo zengqondo njenge-schizophrenia kunye nesifo sengqondo somzimba asinakuphulukiswa, ngoko ke unyango olusisigxina luyintloko, kwaye i-hypnosis inceda ekufumaneni izigulana ezindala kunye "nokubhala kwakhona" ikhosi yeziganeko eziza kunciphisa iimpawu.
Ukukhubazeka kwesifo sengqondo
Ukungaqhelekanga kwengqondo kunye nezifo ziwuthintela kakhulu umsebenzi wezenzo zomntu, i-worldview yayo iyashintsha, iyancipha ngakumbi kwaye iyancipha. Isigulane asikwazi ukuhlala ubomi obupheleleyo, ngoko kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukhetho olunjalo njengokukhubazeka kunye nokuqeshwa kweenzuzo. Kuziphi iziganeko ukukhubazeka okumiselwe ukugula kwengqondo, uluhlu:
- ukuhluthwa;
- schizophrenia;
- ngqondweni;
- Isifo se-Alzheimer;
- Isifo sikaParkinson;
- ngqondweni;
- ingxaki yokuhlukumeza ubuntu;
- i-bipolar disective disorder.
Ukuthintela ukugula kwengqondo
Izifo zengqondo okanye izifo zixhaphakile namhlanje, ngoko ke imiba yokuthintela ingxamisekileyo. Izifo ezinxulumene nesifo sengqondo - zeziphi iindlela ezibalulekileyo ukuba zithintele ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo okanye ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kokubhubhisa okwenzileyo? I-Psychohygiene kunye nempilo yengqondo yimiqathango yemisebenzi enjongo yokuxhasa impilo yengqondo:
- umbutho ochanekileyo womsebenzi, ukuphumla;
- efanelekileyo ngokwengqondo;
- ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo, i-neurosis, ixhala;
- ukufundwa kwe-pedigree yabo;
- ucwangciso lokukhulelwa.
Ukugula ngengqondo okungavamile
Abantu abaninzi baziva ngeengxaki, kodwa zikhona izifo zengqondo ezingaqhelekanga ezingekho eziqhelekileyo:
- i-bibliomania - ukunyaniseka kunye nokufunyanwa kweencwadi ngumbhali othile kunye nokujikeleza konke kwencwadi;
- ifilosofi - inqweno engalawulekiyo yokuxoka, ubhale ngamabali ahlukeneyo;
- isifo se- coronary okanye i-traction syndrome syndrome-isigulane sinokuqiniseka ukuba izifo zakhe zobulili zingenakudliwa ngokungaxhamli emzimbeni, kwaye xa ukufa kutyalwa ngokupheleleyo - umntu uyayeka ukulala, ubukele ipeni;
- i-delirium i-Kotara - umntu onalo mkhuhlane uyaqiniseka ukuba ufile okanye akakho nhlobo, isigulane sinokuziva ukuba amalungu akhe adiliza kwaye intliziyo ayibetha;
- prosopagnosia - umntu ujongene nokusingqongileyo, kodwa akaqondi kwaye akaqapheli ubuso bomntu.
Izilwanyana ezigula ngengqondo
Ukugqithiswa kwesifo sengqondo okanye ukuphazamiseka kungabonakali - kuba iinkwenkwezi zibonakala zonke, ukufihla izinto ezinjalo ezidumileyo akuyona into elula, kwaye noobuntu abadumileyo bathanda ukuthetha ngokucacileyo ngeengxaki zabo, ukukhangela ingqalelo. Izilwanyana ezineengqondo ezingafaniyo:
- Britney Spears . Ukuziphatha kunye nezenzo zikaBrithney "zazisusa i-reel" ayizange ixoxwe ngaphandle kokuba ivila. Imizamo yokuzibulala, ukuphunga ukukhanda kwentloko - konke oku kubangelwa ukuxinezeleka kwangemva kokubeleka kunye neengxaki zobuntu bipolar.
- Amanda Bynes . Inkwenkwezi ebomvu ekupheleni kwee-90. Inkulungwane yokugqibela yagqitywa ngokukhawuleza kwiikrini. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kotywala kunye neziyobisi kwaba yinto yokuqala yokuphucula i-paranoid schizophrenia.
- UDavid Beckham . Inkwenkwezi yebhola yebhola ibhekene neengxaki eziphosakeleyo. KuDavide, umyalelo ocacileyo ubalulekile kwaye ukuba indawo yezinto iguquka endlwini yakhe, oku kuphazamisa i-alamu eqinile.
- Steven Fry . IsiNgesi scriptwriter ukususela kwincinci ebhekene nexinzelelo, ingqiqo, ezama ukuzibulala kaninzi, kwaye kuphela 30, uSteven wafumanisa ukuba une-bipolar disorder.
- Herschel Walker . Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, umdlali webhola waseMelika ufumene ukuba une-dissociative disorderative (ukuhlukana) komntu. UGerchel ukususela ebuntwaneni wayenomdla obuncinane kwaye akayi kuhlamba aqala ukuhlakulela ubuntu obunzima obukhokelayo.
Iifilimu malunga nezifo zengqondo
Izifundo zobunzima bezinto zihlala zixhalabisa kwaye zifunwa yi-cinema. Izifo ze-Neuropsychiatric zifana neempawu zomphefumlo - iintshukumo, izisusa, izenzo, yintoni ekhuthaza abantu abane-psychopathology? Iifilimu malunga nokungaqhelekanga kwengqondo:
- " Imidlalo Yengqondo / Intliziyo Enhle ." Isazi sezibalo sesisemgangathweni uJohn Forbes Nash ngokukhawuleza siqala ukuziphatha ngokumangalisa, sithetha ngefowuni kunye ne-CIA engummangaliso, sibeka kwindawo evunyelwene ngayo yokubhala. Kungekudala kuvela ukuba udibaniso neCIA yisisityalo sikaJohn kunye nezinto zibi kakhulu - i-paranoid schizophrenia eneengcamango ezibonwayo neziphicothiweyo.
- « Isiqithi saseLakini / esiTyhutyayo ». Imoya ephazamisayo yefilimu iyaqhubeka igqityiwe. Umsizi wesikhokelo uTeddy Daniels kunye nomlingani wakhe u-Chuck ufika kwisiqithi saseShatter, apho kukho isibhedlele sengqondo esikhethekileyo kunyango lwezilwelwe zengqondo. Kusuka kwikliniki, uRachel Solando, umbulali wabantwana, uyalala kwaye umsebenzi wabancedisi ukuphanda oku kulahleka, kodwa ngexesha lophando lweedemon zangaphakathi zikaTeddy Daniels zityhilwa. Ifilimu ibonisa ukuhluthwa komntu one-schizophrenia.
- " Izidumbu ezizalwayo . Umbhangqwana odibeneyo weMickey noMellory uhamba ngeenxa zonke eUnited States. Ifilimu ecatshulwayo ebonisa ukungaxhamli komntu.
- " Utsalane olubulalayo ." Yintoni enokubangela ukunyamekela kwangoko ngeveki ngeyona nto ikhethekileyo, ukuxhatshazwa kwemingcipheko yabantu? Ubomi bukaDani bubaleka emva kokungcatsha: uAlex okhangayo waba ngumntu onobungozi kwaye usongela ukuzibulala xa uDan engazange ahambe naye, athabathe unyana wakhe.
- " AbaBomi ababini / Ukunyamekela kwengqondo ." UMarta, umhlolokazi onabantwana ababini, uhlala ubomi obuqhelekileyo edolophini elincinane laseFransi, usebenzisana nabantwana, ukulima kwaye ubhala ukuhlolwa kwamaphephancwadi. Yonke into iyashintsha ebusuku, xa uMarta ehlaselwa ephupheni - kukho enye into ecacileyo, apho iindawo ezimnandi zinguMarti, intloko ye-arhente yokubhala. Bobabini ubomi: okwenene kunye nezinto eziqhubekayo ephupheni ziyadibana, kwaye uMarta akakwazi ukuhlukanisa apho inyaniso, kwaye apho iphupha liphi. I heroine ihlupheke kwi-dissociative personality disorder.