Multiple sclerosis - yintoni na, kwaye ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wengqondo kunye nomthambo womgca wenziwa ngumzi womnyoba. Umonakalo kwi-membrane yabo ibizwa ngokuba yi-sclerosis, esi sifo asihlangani nongxaki yokukhumbula kunye nokungabikho kwengqondo ekuguga. I-Pathology ichaphazela abantu abaselula abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya ku-40-45.

Multiple sclerosis - yintoni na?

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwesi sifo kwisigqibo esingalunganga, izigulane ezininzi zizinyamekela iimpawu zakhe zokuqala. Kubalulekile ukungadibanisi utshintsho olushushu kwimisebenzi yengqondo kunye ne-multiple sclerosis - yintoni le nto: isifo esingapheliyo, apho ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu zeentlanzi kunye nokutshintshwa kwayo ngokubambisa (ukuxhunyezwa) kwenzeka.

Isifo esifanayo si-encephalomyelitis. Ngokomfanekiso wekliniki kunye neendlela zokuphuhliswa, kufana nokufana nesifo se-sclerosis, kodwa le ntsholongwane kufuneka ihluke kwizinga lokuxilongwa. Ukusasazwa kwe-encephalomyelitis yisifo esizimele esichaphazelekayo esibonakaliswa ukuvuvukala kunye nomonakalo kwiindawo ezithile zeemfayibilini. Ayikho inkqubo engapheliyo kwaye iyancipha kwimeko enye.

I-multiple sclerosis - izizathu

Iingcali zenzululwazi azikaze ziqikelele ukuba kutheni izifo zichazwe. Kwaqulunqwa ukuba i-multiple sclerosis ifunyaniswa rhoqo kubantu beCaucasian ineminyaka engama-30, kunye nabasetyhini abasengozini. Ubuninzi bentsholongwane bukhuphuka ukusuka kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi ukuya kwiindawo ezikumntla. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ezichazela i-multiple sclerosis - izizathu zithi zilandelayo:

• umbane, kuquka imitha yelanga;
• sulelo;
• imfuza;
• i toxin;
• uxinzelelo;
• nzakala;
• iimpawu zokutya;
• iziganeko ze-geo-ecological zendawo;
• izinga le- uric acid kunye noshukela nabanye.

Iimpawu ezininzi zeSclerosis

Umfanekiso weklinikhi uxhomekeke kwixesha lokuqhubela phambili kwesifo, indawo kunye nobukhulu bentsholongwane yomzimba. Kwizigaba zokuqala kungenakwenzeka ukufumanisa i-multiple sclerosis - iimpawu zingekho okanye zinyamalale ngokukhawuleza. Imisebenzi yamathambo enobungozi aqala ukwenza imicu enempilo. Iimpawu zingabonwa kuphela xa ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomgudu buphazamiseka kakhulu, ngo-40-50%.

Impawu zokuqala ze-multiple sclerosis

Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphambili kwesi sifo kufana nendawo yokwenza i-neurons eyonakalisiweyo. I-multiple sclerosis inomntu ngamnye, esinye isigulane asize sibonise zonke iimpawu ngexesha elifanayo. Iimpawu zentsholongwane:

• ubuthathaka kwimisipha;
• ukubetha, ukugubha kwamalungu;
• hypotension ;
• ukuwohloka kwezinto ezibonakalayo;
• ukungcola;
• ukukhathala;
• ukugqitywa kokuphela kwebladder;
• izifo zokulala;
• ukuphulwa kwemeko yokuhamba (diplopia, nystagmus nabanye);
• ehamba xa ehamba;
• i-neuritis ye-nerve trigeminal ;
• ukuthuthumela kunye nabanye.

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-multiple sclerosis ziyakuchukumisa ummandla wemvakalelo:

• ukungakhathaleli ;
• ukucaphuka;
• ukucaphuka okungenangqiqo, ukudabuka;
• iipasiti ezidandathekileyo;
• ngokugqithiseleyo;
• kuvuya;
• ku sebenza.

Izigaba ze-multiple sclerosis

Umlinganiselo wesilonda semigodi yentsholongwane kuqikelelwa kwi-2 nd scale:

1. FSS - imeko yeenkqubo zokusebenza. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bomonakalo weendawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho, amanqaku ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-6 aboniswayo. Isilinganisi sisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa.
2. I-EDSS - uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lokukhubazeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukuvavanya iziyobisi kunye ngexesha lokuqwalasela ngamandla. Isigaba sokukhubazeka siqikelelwa kwiingongoma ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-10.

Kwimigangatho yokuqala yokuqhubela phambili (ukuya kwinqanaba ngalinye), isifo esicatshungulwayo kunye ne-encephalomyelitis eqhutywe phambili iyaqhubeka ngokufanayo. Kamva, kukho iimpawu eziphawulwe, uphawu olulodwa lwe-sclerosis:

• ukukhathazeka okukhulu;
• uncharacteristic sensations (ukutshisa, ukubetha, intlungu);
• ukungabikho kolawulo phezu kwamalungu;
• ukubetha kwezandla;
• iipasms;
• ukungaqiniseki kwemali;
• intloko;
• ukuphazamiseka kwesigxina kunye nokucoca;
• ukukhubazeka kwamakhono engqondo;
• kulala;
• ukudandatheka;
• kunciphisa umnqweno wesini;
• utshintsho ekucaceni kwentetho;
• ubunzima bokugwinya;
• ukuva kakuhle kunye nabanye.

Multiple Sclerosis - Ukuxilonga

Iimvavanyo ezizodwa zeelabhu okanye izixhobo ze-hardware ukuchonga esi sifo asikho. Ukuxilongwa kwe "multiple sclerosis" kusekwe ngokwempawu zempawu ezihambelana nenye yeendlela zabo zeMacDonald:

1. Imiqondiso yomonakalo kwimibhobho ye-nerve kwi-2 foci. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhelo sele kusekho kabini okanye kwenzeke kaninzi.
2. Iinjongo zeenjongo zokutshintshwa kwezicubu zeentlanzi kwelinye ingqwalasela. Ukugqithiseleka kwakubonwe kabini okanye ngaphezulu.
3. Ukubonakaliswa kwekliniki ye-sclerosis kwi-2 okanye ngaphezulu. Ukugqithisa kwenzeka ngexesha eli-1.
4. Impawu ezithile zomonakalo kwi-neurons kwi-1 ingqwalasela. Ukukhushulwa kwaba kanye (isifo se-isolation syndrome).
5. Ukunyuka kweempawu ezibonakalayo kufana ne-multiple sclerosis.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwesigxina kunye nokuhlukana kwazo nezinye izifo, ngamanye amaxesha iindlela ezongezelelweyo zisetyenzisiweyo:

• ukucatshulwa kwemifanekiso emagnini;
• uhlalutyo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid;
• ukuzimisela komsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo zeengqondo.

Unyango lwe-multiple sclerosis

Indlela yokwenza unyango iqhutywe ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yenkambo kunye nobunzima beempawu. Impendulo yombuzo kukuba ingaba iyakwazi ukuphilisa i-multiple sclerosis ngokupheleleyo, ingalunganga. Isifo esingapheliyo esiqhubeka siqhubeka. Unyango lunceda ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kwesi sifo nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bomntu, ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwekliniki.

Multiple Sclerosis - iziyobisi

Kuze kubekho ezichanekileyo ezibangelwayo kunye nezifo zokuhlaselwa kwezifo, akukho myeza ekhethekileyo. Zonke iifommethe zekhemistiki zikhethiweyo ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ziyimfuneko zokumisa imiqondiso yemonakalo ye-nerve fiber. Isisombululo esisisiseko se-multiple sclerosis yi-immunosuppressant. Njengeziyobisi ezinqanda umsebenzi wenkqubo yokukhusela umzimba, i-horticone ye-corticosteroid isetyenziswa:

• Methylprednisolone;
• Dexamethasone;
• Tetracosactide;
• Prednisolone kunye neempawu.

Ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yokwelapha izisa i-cytostatics:

• Methotrexate;
• Azathioprin;
• Cyclophosphamide;
• Kladribin nabanye.

Ukunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kunye noshintsho oluhle kwisigaba sesi sifo, amayeza ama-6 kuphela ahlolwe iiklinikhi abhalisiwe kwihlabathi:

• Rebif;
• Avonex;
• Betaferon;
• Mitoxantrone;
• Copaxon;
• Tisabry.

Oososayensi bahlala bekhangela iindlela ezintsha zokunyanga i-sclerosis. Iziphumo ezintle kwiziphumo zakutshanje zibonise iziyobisi:

• Naltrexone;
• Alemtuzumab;
• Campas.

Ukususela ngo-2005, ukutsalwa kwethambo lomnyoba kuye kwaqatshelwa njengendlela efanelekileyo yokuphatha i-sclerosis. Olu ngongenelelo olwenziwe ngophengululo olufuna ukuba ukuhambelana kwento yezinto eziphilayo kunye nomzimba wesigulane. I-chemotherapy enqabileyo yokuqala ejoliswe ekubhubiseni umongo wayo wethambo.

Kwimeko yokhathazwa kwesifo eso, amaqela ahlukeneyo asetyenziso. Amagama, umyinge kunye nexesha lokuthatha nayiphi na amayeza akhethwe kuphela ngugqirha ngokuhambelana nobukho kunye nobunzima beempawu, ezibangela ukusabalalisa i-sclerosis. Ulwaphulo lokuzilawula ngokwazo luyingozi kwiingxaki kunye nemiphumo emibi ekuthathweni kwamachiza.

Unyango lwe-multiple sclerosis ngezilwanyana zamanqanaba

Kwamanye amayeza, akukho zikhetho ezifanelekileyo zokuphathwa kwesi sifo. Iindlela zokupheka zendalo zinganciphisa impawu kwaye zithuthukise okwethutyana. Ngaphambi kokunyanga i-multiple sclerosis ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukudibana nodokotela, ezinye iziyeza zonyango azihambelani nemithi ethile.

Ukuqokelela imifuno yokubuyisela

Izithako:

• amagqabi kunye neentyantyambo ze hawthorn (ngokulinganayo) - 50 g;
• Ruta - 15 g;
• iingcambu ze-valerian - 10 g;
• amanzi - 200 ml.

Ukulungiselela, isicelo

1. Gaya udibanise izityalo.
2. Thela 1 tbsp. umxube wepuni ngeglasi yamanzi abandayo.
3. Ukunyanzelisa iiyure ezingama-3.
4. Ubilise imizuzu emi-5.
5. Kulungile, cwangcisa isisombululo.
6. Hlukanisa iyeza kwiingxenye ezilinganayo ezilinganayo.
7. Baphuze ekuseni, emini nasemini.

Multiple Sclerosis - Impembelelo

Iingxaki zesifo esichaziweyo ziqinisa iimpawu ezikhoyo kwaye ziphindaphinda ziphindwe rhoqo. Imiphumo ye-multiple sclerosis:

• umda wokuhamba, kuquka iparresis kunye nokukhubazeka;
• ukuphazamiseka kokucoca kunye nokuchaswa;
• ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo, ukufikelela kwimfama;
• ukunxiba ngokukhawuleza komgca kunye namalungu;
• ukuvutha rhoqo kwiinkqubo zomzimba;
• ukuwohloka komsebenzi wengqondo;
• ukuxinezeleka okukhulu nabanye.

Bangaphi bahlala ne-multiple sclerosis?

Ukugxekwa kwesifo esicatshulwayo kukuthandekile, ngakumbi ukuba ukukhubazeka kwafunyaniswa ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yonyango oluchanekileyo kunye nelo xesha, izigulane ezine-sclerosis ezininzi zihlala zisebudala obudala ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu kweengqondo kunye nomgudu womgudu. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo (ngaphantsi kwe-10%), eso sifo siphuthuma ngokukhawuleza, kubangele ukungaphumeleli kwemisebenzi yamalungu amaninzi kunye neenkqubo. Oku kukhokelela kwisiphumo esibulalayo kwiminyaka eyi-8-10.