I-Broccoli iyimifuno enesithambile esinobutyebi, enokutyeba ngeendlela ezininzi kufana nekholifulawa, kodwa iyanelisa kakhulu. Ngethuba lexesha, umntu akanako ukufumana enye kodwa izityalo ezimbini ze-broccoli, ngelixa ukukhula kungenzima - isityalo asihlambulukanga. Kubalandeli bezondlo kunye nesondlo esifanelekileyo ngaphandle kwalesi sithako akunakwenzeka.
Kuphi i-broccoli ekhulile?
Iklabishi ye-Broccoli kunye nokulima kwayo sele yinto eqhelekileyo kwiminyaka yamuva. Ityalwe mhlawumbi kwi-greenhouse okanye kwimibhede evulekile engadini. Kuzo zonke iinketho, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kweengcebiso zokunyamekela kubalulekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukwazi ukukhetha iintlobo ngokuhambelana neempawu zemozulu zendawo yakho yokuhlala. Iintlobo ezinjenge- "Caesar" kunye ne "Continental" zikhula ngokulinganayo ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo nakwiibhedi.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-broccoli engadini?
Nangona eyaziwa ngokumelana nokubandayo kwe-broccoli, ukutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile akufanelekanga kuzo zonke iindawo. Imigaqo yokuhlwayela imbewu ebhedini-ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Umhlaba kufuneka usuqale ukufudumala ukuya kwi-20 ° C. Izichumisi ezilandelayo kufuneka ziqaliswe kumhlaba kwangaphambili:
- umcimbi;
- umthunga womthi;
- urea ;
- superphosphate .
Imbewu kufuneka ilungiselelwe kakuhle phambi kokuhlwayela. Yenza oku ngokwesi silgorithm esilandelayo:
- Sifaka imbewu iminyaka eyi-15 kumanzi afudumele (+ 50 ° С).
- Sibacwina ngomzuzu kumanzi abandayo.
- Sisebenza ngobusuku (iiyure eziyi-12) ngesisombululo sezinto zokulandelela.
- Uhlambe ngokupheleleyo imbewu.
- Sibeka efrijini ngosuku.
- Yome.
Ukongezelela ekuhlwayeleni ngqo imbewu kwibhedlele, ngaphambi kokuba kuhlwayelwe izithombo kwiibhokisi zenziwa. Ukulungiselela imbewu kule nkalo kufana nale nto ingentla. Hlwanyela kwiibhokisi kunye nomhlaba olungiselelwe (i-turf, peat kunye nesihlabathi), uchithe i-disinfected nge-potassium permanganate. Sekude ngomhla we-3-4 ngosuku izityalo zokuqala zivela, kwaye emva kweentsuku ezingama-40 ziyakutyala kwindawo engasigxina, ukujonga isicwangciso sokutyalwa kwe-20x50 cm.
Iintlobo ezifanelekileyo zokuvula umhlaba:
- "Varus";
- "Intandokazi ebanzi";
- U Mlawuli;
- "Corvette";
- "I-Comanche";
- "Lucky";
- IMarathon.
Ukukhuphula i-broccoli kwindawo yokuthambisa
Abanikazi beendawo zokugcina izityalo banomdla kumbuzo wendalo wokuba ukhule umrcoli kwindawo yomhlaba okhuselweyo. Ukulungiswa kwembewu yokutyala kunye nenkqubo yokukhula kwembewu ifana ngokufanayo nakwiimeko zokutshala ebhedini elivulekileyo. Ukucwangcisa ukukhula i-broccoli kwi-greenhouse kwindlela yokulima, imbewu ihlwayelwa iinyanga ezi-1-1.5 ngaphambi kokutyala kwisiza sokukhula esingunaphakade. Iibhedi kwi-greenhouse zizaliswe ngama-organic and mineral fertilizers ukusuka ekwindla. Umhlaba kufuneka ungathathi hlangothi okanye ungacacile. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, umhlaba ufafazwe nge- nitrogen fertilizer .
Iintlobo ezintle ze-broccoli zokukhula kwindawo yokugcina i-greenhouse:
- "Ixesha";
- "ULazaro";
- "IVithamini";
- "Izwekazi";
- "UKesare";
- «F1 - Broccoli».
Iimeko zokukhula kwe-broccoli
Njengezinye iintlobo zeklabishi, i-broccoli, ukulima kwayo kunye nokunyamekela kukho iimpawu ezifuneka ukuba ziqwalaselwe ukuba ufuna ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo:
- I-Broccoli inomdla kakhulu kwaye inothando. Ubumanzi bomhlaba kunye nomoya kubalulekile apha. Umhlaba phantsi kwawo kufuneka uhlale uhambile ngo-70%, kunye nomswakama ofanelekileyo womoya-85%. Intloko ye-broccoli, ngokungafani ne-cauliflower, ayifuni ukuba i-shaded.
- Ngaphandle kokumelana nokubandayo kunye nokuchasana nokushisa, isivuno esihle se-broccoli sinikeza, ngokubhekiselele kummandla othile wokushisa ophezulu-ukusuka kwi -16 ukuya ku -20 ° C.
- Ngokuba i-broccoli, ukukhutshwa ngokusisigxina komhlaba kubalulekile - umhlaba kufuneka uphefumle kakuhle umoya, ungahlanganiswa.
I-Broccoli iklabishi
Umhlaba ukulungiselela izityalo ze-broccoli zingathengwa, kwaye unokuzilungiselela. Ukwenza oku, qha ga mshelana i-turf, humus, ash ash and sand. Kumele kube yindawo epholileyo kunye elula, efanelekileyo emanzini, kuba ukuguqulwa kwamanzi akuvumelekanga ngokupheleleyo - iklabishi ingafumana umlenze omnyama . Kule meko, iklabishi idinga umswakama. Ubuncwane kufuneka bube buthakathaka okanye bungathathi hlangothi. I-broccoli enhle kakhulu isabela kwimida yomhlaba.
Ukunika impendulo epheleleyo kumbuzo wendlela yokukhulisa iklabishi ye-broccoli kwaye ufumane isivuno esiphezulu kuso, kubalulekile ukuchaphazela umbandela wokuchumisa umhlaba. Ukususela ekwindla, i-organic and mineral fertilizers isetyenziswe kwiibhedi kwizinga le-5 kg nganye nganye imitha. Ngaphambi kokutyala ngokuthe ngqo, kufuneka udibanise i-nitrogen fertilizer kwiibhedi, uphucule kakuhle, uze ukhulule umhlaba ukuze ucebise umhlaba ngomoya - zonke ezi nyathelo ziya kunceda kakhulu ukunakekelwa klabishi. Abahamba phambili be-broccoli zii-karoti, iitatayi, iimbotyi.
I-home broccoli ikhula - ityhila
Enye yezona zihlandlo ezibalulekileyo ekuphenduleni umbuzo, indlela yokukhulisa i-broccoli kweli lizwe, ukuthambisa nokubhala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthobela urhulumente wobuncwane. Ukunisela kufuneka kube kokumodareyitha, kodwa kwanele ngokwaneleyo ukugcina umququzeko womhlaba wonke. Ukuba ukuthambisa kuninzi, iklabishi ithola isitshixo esimnyama. Ukuba umswakama akwanele, oku kuchaphazela umgangatho weentloko - ziya kuba yintlanzi. Kanye kunye nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba uhlanganiswe ukususwa kwamanzi. Ixesha ngalinye emva kokunisela, umhlaba ukhululiwe kwi-8 cm.
Indlela yokuhlwayela iklabishi broccoli?
Abathandi be-broccoli bayakhula ngembewu nangendlela yokulima. Naluphi na indlela ukhetha ngayo, kufuneka uqale ukulungiselela kakuhle imbewu. Ukulungiswa kwe-algorithm kuchazwe ngasentla, kuyafaneleka nayiphi na indlela yokutyala. Eli nqanaba libaluleke kakhulu, njengokuba ukulungiswa komgangatho we-substrate. Ngezantsi siza kujonga indlela yokuhluma imbewu ye-broccoli kunye nezityalo.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-broccoli kwimbewu?
Ukuba ufuna ukuzama indlela yokutshala i-broccoli, ukulima kuya kubandakanya oku kulandelayo: kwiimibhede ezilungiselelwe, ezichumisiweyo, ezihlanjululweyo, iimbewu ezilungiselelwe zihlwayelwe ngokwecwangciso le-20x50. Indlela yokunkcenkcesha idla ngokuqhutyelwa kokutshala kwe-broccoli yesibini (ngeyesi-2 kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngexesha lesi-3 kwixesha). Ukutshala i-broccoli xa ikhulile ukusuka kumbewu ikuvumela ukuba ufumane isivuno sogqithiso kuze kufike ukuwa. Ukwenza oku, unokutshala ibhakethi entsha kwiiveki ezintathu kunokuba uqokelele, ukwandisa ixesha lokuvuna kwaye ukwandise umthamo wayo.
Izityalo ze-Broccoli - ukulima
Ngoko, sifika indlela yokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile ngokusebenzisa izityalo. Ukulungiselela kuququzelele ukuxuba kwintlanzana yehlabathi, i-turf kunye ne-turf. Lo mgca kufuneka uthululwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate ukwenzela ukutshatyalaliswa. Ngaphezu koko, imbewu elungiselelwe ivaliwe kwiibhokisi kunye nomhlaba ubunzulu be-0.8-1 cm. Emva kokuhlwayela imbewu, ukushisa okujikelezayo kugcinwa ngo-20 ° C.
Xa kuvela amahlumela, iqondo lokushisa liyancipha ukuya kwi-10 ° C, kwaye emva kweveki liphakanyiswa libe ngu-14-16 ° C emini, ebusuku ubushushu bube ngu-9 ° C. Ukuba izityalo zikhulile kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphezulu kwe-20 ° C, oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni iintloko ziya kuqala ukudala ngaphambi kwexesha. Asikho isidingo esicacileyo sokujonga ilanga lomswakama lomhlaba - luchukumisa kakubi kokubili ukunyuka kwamanzi kunye nokunqongophala kwamanzi, kunye nokungabi naso.
Unokuzidiba izithombo ngexesha leentsuku ezili-12-14. Emva koko, iqondo lokushisa linokuphakanyiswa libe ngu-21 ° C, kodwa kuphela kude kube ngumzuzu wokusinda. Emva koko iphinda iyancitshiswe ibe yi-17 ° C emini kunye ne-9 ° C ebusuku. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlaliswa okucetywayo kumhlaba, izityalo ziqala ukujwayela ukukhanya kwelanga nomoya. Xa kuhamba kungcono ukuba ungabi msinya, kuba ukushisa okuphantsi kwomoya kwisitalato kuya kubakho iklabishi. Unokuhlwayela izityalo kwizitrato ngeentsuku ezingama-35-45. Ukuba imozulu iyakuthandeka okanye une-greenhouse, unokuyenza ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Izixhobo ze-broccoli
Abo babenomdla kwi-agrotechnics yale nkcubeko bayazi malunga ne-broccoli-ekhulayo inokwenzeka nakwi-balcony okanye kwiloggia. Ngeqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ukukhanya kunye nomswakama, kukho nonke ithuba lokuqokelela isivuno esihle ngaphandle kokushiya indlu. Nazi ezinye iimfihlakalo zokukhula iklabishi ye-broccoli ekhaya nasegadini:
- Ukuze ugweme ukufa kwezityalo ezivela emlenzeni omnyama kunye nomphunga we-powdery , kungcono ukusebenzisa iimbewu zangaphandle eziphathwe ngamafungicides, kunye nokusebenzisa i-peat substrate ekuthengiweyo.
- Kwinqanaba lembewu, akudingeki ukondle iklabishi nge-organic. Ungasebenzisa izichumisi ezikhethekileyo zeklabishi ngohlobo lwee-crystle.
- Njengawo wonke iklabishi, i-broccoli isabela kakuhle ekutheni izithombo zichele nge-calcium nitrate. Yenza okulungileyo ngeveki ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini kwaye emva kweveki emva kokuphuma. Unokuyondla kunye neengxaki ezilandeleleneyo ze-boron kunye ne-molybdenum.
- Zonke iinkathalo emva kokutshala phantsi komhlaba ikhathalobhi iququzelele ukusila, ukukhulula, ukugaya, ukutya kunye nokucubungula kwizinambuzane.
- Kunconywa ukuhambisa umrcoli ngeentsuku ezimbini, kunye nexesha lokutshisa - kabini ngosuku. Umhlaba phantsi kweklabishi kufuneka uhlale unamanzi kwi-cm cm engama-6. Amanzi angcono ngokuhlwa, emva kokukhululeka, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukubola kweengcambu.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kunokwenziwa kathathu ngexesha lonyaka. Iibini zokuqala ziquka umxube wemfuyo yeenkomo kunye neentshukumo zeentaka. Qalisa i-organics ehlanjululwayo emva kokuhluthwa kwezilwanyana kwintsimi kunye nokuhluka kweeveki ezimbini. Isondlo sesithathu senziwa ekuqaleni kwendlela yokwenza i-inflorescence. Kwaye thabatha lo mzobo-superphosphate 40 g, i-potassium sulfate 10 g kunye ne-nitrate ye-ammonium 20 g, uyanciphisa kwi-10 ilitha amanzi kunye neklabishi yamanzi.
- Ukukhusela iklabishi encinci esuka kwi- freyfish -intshaba yezo zonke iindidi zeklabishi - kukugubungela umyezo ngesinxibo esincinci esingaxutywanga. Ngaphambi kokwakheka kwe-inflorescences, unokuyihlamba i-broccoli kunye ne-Iskra. Xa iintloko ziqala ukwenza, ungazifefa ngomxube wokhuni lomgubo kunye nodaka lwegayi.
- Musa ukukhawuleza ukususa isityalo kwigadi ngokukhawuleza ukusika intloko, njengoko i-broccoli ikhula ngokukhawuleza, iqinisekisa ukuba isityalo esongezelelweyo.
Ukukhula kwe-broccoli "Caesar"
Iindidi "uKesare" zibhekiselele ekuvuneni phakathi. Iklabishi yolu hlobo luyinhloko enkulu kwaye enesisindo sombala obomvu ngokugqithisileyo. Ubuninzi beklabishi bufana neklabishi enemibala. I-broccoli "Caesar", ukuhlwayelwa kwayo kunye nokulima kuveliswa yindlela yokutshala kunye nokuhlwayela imbewu kwindawo evulekile. Ndiyabulela ukuvuthwa komhlobo kunye nokuvuna ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha lexesha, unokufumana izityalo ezimbini ngexesha.
Ukukhula kwe-broccoli "Tonus"
Iintlobo ze-Broccoli "i-Tonus" ibhekisela ekuvuthweni kwangaphambili. Ukuqubuka kwenzeka ngomhla wama-60-90 emva kokuvela. Iinwele zakhe zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihamba kakuhle. Zibonakaliswe ngobuninzi obuphakathi, umbala wazo luhlaza okomnyama. Indlela yokukhulisa i-broccoli ekhaya: unokwenza ngeentsuku ezingama-45 okanye ngokuhlwayela imbewu ngqo. Isivuno seentlobo ezahlukeneyo singaphezulu kwe-2 kg nganye ngemitha yesikwere.
Ukukhula kwe-broccoli "uLinda"
Iklabishi ye-Broccoli "uLinda" kunye nokulima kwayo kuveliswa yi-seedling kunye nezithombo. Iindidi zikwimeko yokuvuthwa phakathi-ubugcisa bezobugcisa buza kwiintsuku eziyi-90-100 emva kokuqala kokulima. Iintloko zeklabishi zihlaza okomnyama kwaye zinkulu kakhulu. Nqumle umgangatho ophakathi, lindele ukuvuthwa kweenkqubo ezizenzekelayo - uya kuvuyela iintloko ezithandathu ezinkulu.
Iklabishi ye-Broccoli "Fortuna" - ukulima
I-Broccoli "Fortune" ibhekisela kwiindidi ezivuthiweyo. Iqukethe i-rosette ephakamileyo yamagqabi kunye nentloko eluhlaza-grey of thickness. I-teknoloji yokukhula kwe-broccoli iyafana nezinye iintlobo - kunokwenzeka ukuba zombini imbewu kunye nenqubo yembewu. Hlwanyela imbewu ebhedeni ingaba emva kokusongela kwamaqabunga, oko-ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Unokutyala izityalo phakathi no-Apreli.