Abaninzi abantu bayazi ukuba banqwenela ezininzi, iitamatisi ezinamanzi kwaye ziqhakazile, bafika eYurophu babonga ngenxa yeColumbus, ixesha elide babecingelwa kwaye bengabonakali. Kwangexesha elide bahluthwa kuphela ngeenjongo zokuhlobisa kwaye ietafile azifunyanwanga kude kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. Kususela kuloo minyaka emininzi idlulileyo kwaye ngoku akukho mntu uyamangalisa ngetamatato - bayathandwa ngabantu abadala kunye nabantwana, bayidla eluhlaza kwaye balungiselela ngeendlela eziliwaka neyezinye. Akunakwenzeka ukucinga isiqephu selizwe ngaphandle kokuba utamatisi ukhule kuso. Kwiindlela eziphambili ze-agro-teknoloji yezetato kwintsimi kwaye ziya kuxutyushwa kule nqaku.
Ukukhula kweetamatato evulekile: ixesha eliphambili
- Ukuze iitamatato zifumane ukukhanya kwelanga, indawo yokutshala kufuneka ikhethwe kakuhle.
- Ngaphambi kokutyala utamatisi kwindawo evulekileyo, umhlaba ebhedini kufuneka uphathwe ngokumelene nefungus kunye ne-sulfate yobhedu okanye i-chloride yobhedu.
- Iibhokhwe zokuhlahlela kufuneka zicatshwe ngosuku ngaphambi kokuba utyale utamatisi emhlabathini. Umgama phakathi kweemingxuma kufuneka ugcinwe ngo-30-50 cm, kwaye i-aisles kufuneka ishiywe ngo-50-70 cm. Kulo mthombo ngamnye kubalulekile ukuzalisa i-humus, i-superphosphate (150-200 g), i-potassium chloride (30 g), i-urea (30 g), i-ash ash 50 g). Iziqulatho zamanzi zizaliswa ngamanzi kwaye zixutywe kakuhle.
- Ngomhla emva kokulungiselela imingxuma, sityalo utamatisi emhlabathini. Ukuba izityalo zentyatyambo zahlonyelwa kwiipatti zepiat, ke zifakwa emthonjeni ngebhodi. Ungesabi ukuba iindonga zombumbi ziza kuphazamisa uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yengcambu - emva kwexesha i-peat iya kuba yimanzi. Usuku lokutshala izithombo lungcono ukhethe ifufu, okanye ukutshala ekuseni okanye ngokuhlwa, xa ilanga lingatshisi.
- Ukutshiza iitamatisi kwintsimi ikwabalalisa. Iintsuku zokuqala emva kokutshala izithombo, azinanzi, kwaye zanisela njengoko ziyimfuneko, kodwa ubuncinane kanye ngeveki. Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwepropati, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka ukuba yinto enzulu, ininzi.
- Ekugqokeni okuphezulu kunamatamatya okufunekayo kumanyathelo okuqala okuphuhliswayo: ukususela ngomhla we-15 emva kokutyala kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo leentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwi-15. Emva koko ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi kufuneka kugqitywe de kubekwe i-ovary. Ukusetyenziswa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen fertilizer kunganciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukubunjwa kwama-ovari.
- Imfuneko yokulungiselela isivuno esihle ukulungiswa rhoqo komhlaba kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokhula.
- Ukufumana ukuvuna okugqibeleleyo, ngelixa ukunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi, kuya kukunceda ukuthungatha umhlaba . Umhlaba ophantsi kweetamatati unokuthi uguqulwe ngomquba womquba okanye i-peat. Uluhlu oluthe tye lwe-mulch luyi-mulch kwi-straw eqoshiwe.
- Ixesha elifanelekileyo kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo lweetamatati kwintsimi linye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zevuna. Okokuqala,
Iibhokhwe ezibophekileyo aziyi kuphuka phantsi kobunzima bezityalo, kwaye okwesibini, kuya kuba lula ukuzinyamekela. Njengempahla yokugqoka, ungasebenzisa amashidi amadala, i-pantyhose okanye nayiphi na into ephathekayo enobuninzi obude, uthathe u-3 cm ububanzi obubanzi. Njengenkxaso, inqanaba lokuphakama kweemitha ezimbini kuya kusetyenziswa. Izigxobo zingcwatyelwa kumhlaba we-25-30 cm kumgama we-5-10 cm ukusuka ehlathini. Umtya wengubo ubeka i-trunk yehlathi ukuze ungalonakalisi, kwaye ubophe kwi-peg. Akuyimfuneko ukugcina nokusebenzisa kwakhona amabhanki iminyaka emininzi kumqolo - ukuze unokuchaphazela utamatisi kunye ne- phytophthora nezinye izifo.