Ukutyala amapheya kwiimbewu zentwasahlobo - ukuqeqeshwa okubalulekileyo kunye nemithetho yokuhlawula abaqalisi

Ukutshala ngokungenakulungi iipereji kwizilwanyana zentwasahlobo zikhokelela kwizifo, ukukhula okudandathekileyo, ukungena kwangena kwintsimbi. Le nkcubeko iyakuthanda ukunyamekela, ukuba usebenzisa ezinye iingcebiso kunye neengcebiso kubagadi bamava abanamava, ngokuqinisekileyo isityalo siya kukubonga ngeziqhamo ezimnandi.

Indlela yokutyala ipeyari entwasahlobo kunye nezithombo?

Ipeyari ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo engadini yangasese. Iziqhamo ezinomsoco kwaye zihlwaya ziphinde zenziwe kwakhona, zigqitywe ngokutsha kwifomu entsha, zifunwa kwimarike. Kukho iingxabano malunga neenzuzo kunye nokungalunganga komhla wokutshala kwentwasahlobo, kufuneka ucinge ngekhalenda yemisebenzi kwaye ukhethe ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuxazulula umsebenzi. Kuba abantu abanomthwalo wokutyala ipeyari entwasahlobo yinto ebalulekileyo, isimo sengqondo esichasayo kulo msebenzi sihoxisa ekuphuhlisweni nasekufeni komthi omncinci.

Iimpawu zokutyala iipereji kwiimbewu zentwasahlobo:

1. Umthi omncinci unendawo yokugcina ixesha ngaphambi kokuba kubanda, ukuqinisa inkqubo yengcambu nokwakha isithsaba.
2. Ukutshala umthi weprayari ekhaya kwiimbewu zentwasahlobo zikhangeleka kuloo mibobo yokutshala ingavuna ukusuka ekwindla, umhlaba uza kuba nexesha lokuhlala kunye nokukwazi ukugubungela intamo.
3. Ekuhlaleni kokuqala emhlabeni kukho ubuninzi obuninzi obuninzi phakathi nobusika.

Unokukhetha njani umthi wepey seed for planting?

Ukuthenga izinto zokutyala zomgangatho osweleyo, kunye ne-discount discount, ingozi yegadi yokuchitha ixesha kunye nomgudu wokunyamekela umthi ongeke usebenze. Unyaka owodwa ubudala kunye neepalini ezineminyaka emibili ubudala, apho inkqubo yenkcaso yonakalisiwe kwaye imisiwe, ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye idla ngokufa ngexesha lokuqala. Funda ubusuku bokuthengwa kunye neendlela zokukhetha isithombo esihle.

Indlela yokukhetha ipey pear:

1. Musa ukuthenga amapheya ngeempawu zesifo.
2. Iimbewu ezilungileyo kufuneka zibe negama negama leentlobo kunye neengcambu.
3. Imiphumo yomthi onempilo ayinayo i-outgrowths okanye indawo emnyama.
4. Indawo ye-inoculation kwimithi yezithelo ifumaneka kumgama we-7-8 cm ukusuka kwiingcambu.
5. Kwiqhinga elincinci, ukutyala ipeyari entwasahlobo kunye nezityalo kwi-dwarfish okanye kwi-stock-dwarfish stock iya kulungeleka.
6. Ukukhawulwa kwamagxolo entwasahlobo kwimbewu kufaka umonakalo owenzayo kwi-bole ngeqhwa.
7. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthenga iipereyiti ezindala kuneminyaka emibili ubudala.
8. Ubungakanani obuphezulu besitshixo kwisiphunzi esinokukhubazeka sisuka kwi-10 mm, ngenxa yemithi ende-ukusuka kwi-12 mm.
9. Umntwana oneminyaka elilodwa akanakho ukuba namagatsha angama-lateral, kwiipilisi ezineminyaka emibili eziphucukileyo eziphakanyisiweyo zize zibe ngamagatsha amathathu anama-40 mm ubude.
10. Ubude beengcambu zezinto ezikulo lokutyala zivela kwi-25-30 cm, ukuphakama kwesiqu ku malunga ne-1.2-1.3 m.

Indawo yokutyala ipowari kwisayithi

Nangona izinto eziphezulu ziza kukhula kakubi, ziza kubakho buhlungu kwaye zinganikezi isivuno esiqhelekileyo ukuba indawo yokutsala iiparele ngabanini bemiyezo ikhethwe ngokungalunganga. Le nkcubeko ayiyithandi umhlaba ogqithisiweyo, umhlaba ocacileyo kunye nokufumaneka okufutshane kwamanzi. Fumana icandelo elikhanyayo lezityalo, kodwa ukhuselwe kwimimoya ebanda. Zama ukutshala imikhosi engekho ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-3 kwisakhiwo esiseduze.

Imihla yokutyala iipereji entwasahlobo

Ukutshala kwepeyinti kwiparele kwenziwa kwintsimi yesithathu ka-Epreli, umhlaba kwiindawo ezininzi zifudumala kakuhle kwaye kusisimo sezulu esifudumele. Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso imeko yeentso kwi-stem. Iintlobo ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza zibonakala zikhangeleka, kodwa zithatha ingcambu kakhulu. Zama ukuchitha ixesha, ulahlekelwa ixesha elifanelekileyo kwaye likhuselekile xa imithi encane iselale.

Ukunciphisa iipereyi xa uthelwa entwasahlobo

Ukulungiswa kwezimbewu entwasahlobo ihlala ihamba kunye novavanyo lwendlela yengcambu, kwaye ke ukucoceka kwayo kunye nokucwenga. Oku kuqhutyelwa kwenziwa ngokwemiyalelo elula novavanyo:

1. Imiphakathi kwimithi eqinile kufuneka ifinyelele kwi-10-35 cm ubude, inxalenye engaphezulu kufuneka ifutshane ngaphandle kokuba kukho umonakalo kuyo.
2. Susa kwaye utshise ukunyakaza okukrokrelayo.
3. Sika iisebe ezijoliswe ngqo.
4. Ukupheliswa okufutshane kufanele kufutshane ukuhlala emthi.
5. Ukutshiza izilwanyana zeeperi kufuneka zigqitywe nge-disinfecting system kwinkqubo yesisombululo se-1% sulfate.
6. Emva kwemizuzu emihlanu sithatha imbewu kwaye siyihluthe emanzini afudumele.
7. Siyidibanisa iingcambu kwi-bolt yomgquba womdongwe.

Indlela yokutshala ipey pear ngokuchanekileyo?

Ukuze utyalo oluchanekileyo lwepeyari kuvelise iziphumo ezilungileyo, kubalulekile ukugcina iteknoloji kuzo zonke izigaba zayo ngokuhambelana nemiqathango kwisiza sayo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukhetha isayithi kwisityalo esisodwa, kufuneka ugxininise kumgama kwimithi engqongeyo kunye nezakhiwo, umgangatho womhlaba, umgangatho wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye uzama ukukhusela umoya. Xa uthela izityalo ezimbalwa sithatha ingqalelo kwiindidi zeepare kunye nesitoksi saso, ukuze xa isithsaba sikhula, amasimi awaphazamisi.

Umgama phakathi kwamapheya omakhelwane:

1. Isithuba esinamandla sisithuba semitha engama-6, isikhala phakathi kwemithi esondeleyo sisuka kwi-5 m.
2. Izimpande zemihlathi engamanzi - umqolo ongama-5 m, phakathi kwamapheya angama-4 m.
3. Imithi emifula - umqolo u-4 m, phakathi kwamapheya angumakhelwane - 3 m.
4. Iipayari ezinemibala - I-spacing-spacing-1,25 m, phakathi kweentshukumo zentwasahlobo zihamba nge-0.5 m.

Ukulungiselela umgodi wokutsalwa kwepeyari

Ubungakanani bomgodi wokutsalwa kwepeyari kufuneka kuhambelane nobungakanani bendawo efunyenwe. Ukuba ukulungiselela isayithi kuqhutyelwa ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuthengwa kwempahla yokutyala, iziphakamiso eziqhelekileyo zingasetyenziswa:

1. Sima umgodi ukuya kuma-70 cm ubude kwaye ufike kwi-80 cm ububanzi.
2. Iindonga zenziwe ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka, kwaye umhlaba ukusuka kumacandelwana angaphantsi nephezulu ahlangani.
3. Ukuba umhlaba unzima, unokudibanisa isanti yomlambo (ukuya kwibhakethi emgodini).
4. Qinisekisa ukuba ulungiselele isikhonkwane esiqinileyo sembewu ye-garter.
5. Esigodini sizama ukubeka ama-humus kunye nezichumiso ezifanelekileyo.
6. Ngaphantsi senza isigundane, apho imbewu isityalo kunyaka.
7. Ukuphakama kwenduli kufuneka kube njalo intamo yentamo iphakame ngaphezu komhlaba malunga no-6 cm.

Umanyolo xa utshayela ipeyari entwasahlobo

Ukuze umthi uphuhlise ngokupheleleyo entwasahlobo yokuqala kunye neminyaka edlulileyo, izichumisi kufuneka ziqaliswe xa ipeyali ityalwe. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuxuba izinto ezincedo kunye nomhlaba wezondlo ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Siwabeka phantsi kwaye uwagubungele ngomhlaba olula, ukwenzela ukuba iingcambu zonakaliswe ngunyaka wokuqala wokukhula ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo kunye nezinto ezigxilwe kuzo. Utshintsho lokuzalisa umgodi wokuhlalisa kunye nomxube we-humus kunye nezichumisi:

1. Humus - ukuya kwi-12 kg ngefossa nganye.
2. Superphosphate - ukuya kuma-300 g.
3. I-potassium sulphate - ingabi ngaphezu kwama-50 g.
4. Ukufaka umlotha womthi emhlabathini - 200 g.

Unokunyamekela njani iipare emva kokutshala?

Ukunyamekela ngokugcweleyo kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo lweepeyiti, sizama ukukhusela umthi kwiintlanzi kunye nezifo entwasahlobo nakwixesha elilandelayo, ukugcina umhlaba ujikeleze inkqubo yengcambu. Ukugqithisa kulo mzekelo akuvelanga nzakalo kunokungcoliswa komhlaba. Siphalazela ipeyari njengoko kuyimfuneko ngokungabikho kwemvula. Izigaba eziphambili zokunyamekela izithombo eziphakathi kweepayipi:

1. Ukuthambisa rhoqo.
2. Ukukhulula umhlaba.
3. Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula.
4. Unyango lwezifo.
5. Ukuhlamba amaqabunga ezinambuzane.
6. Ukubopha kwesiqu sokukhusela kwiqabunga kunye neentonga.

Ukunciphisa iintlobo zeepare emva kokutshala?

Ukunciphisa ngokuchanekileyo inzuzo, umgadi wegadi ubeka isiseko sophuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwesithsaba kunye nokufumana kwixesha elizayo lokuvunwa kakuhle. Umsebenzi oyintloko kukuba ungonakali umthi ophuhlisayo ngexesha lokwakha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yokulolonga, amandla okukhula kwezilwanyana ezincinane kunye nemeko yendima yendawo, iindlela zokwenza lo msebenzi ziyahlukahluka.

Indlela yokwenza iiperi emva kokutshala:

1. Umntwana oneminyaka elilodwa eneqonga elichanekileyo ngaphandle kwamagatsha ancishiswe malunga nama-25% ukukhuthaza i-branching.
2. Kumqhubi ophakathi sizama ukususa amasebe angaphantsi kwe-30-40 cm.
3. Ukuba kukho iifayile zecala kwi-pear, uze ushiye amaqhekeza 2-3.
4. Amasebe angama-truncate alandelayo akufanele abe ngaphezu kwe-1/3 yobude bonyusa bonyaka, ezama ukubeka iiphakamileyo zawo kwinqanaba elinye.
5. Umqhubi kunye nokuveliswa kwamagatsha asematyaleni kwiminyaka emibini ubudala bancishiswe ngaphezu kwe-1/3.
6. Umqhubi ophakathi kufuneka akhuphuke ngaphezu kwamasebe ecaleni ngamacwecwe ama-2-3 ngokwemigaqo yolawulo.
7. Ukukhusela ngokukhawuleza "umqhubi" wokuqhuba i-carve.
8. Amashishini atshisayo kwindawo engezantsi yesithsaba isuswa.

Kutheni i-seeding of pear ikhula?

Kwenzeka ukuba nangona unonophelo olungenammveliso umlimi awukhulanga iipereya, ubonakala ubuthathaka, akafaki ukuvelisa ixesha elide. Ngokuqhelekileyo imbangela yenkinga ingummiselo omhlaba ombi, ongafanelanga isityalo esinikeziwe. Kucetyiswa ukuba ufunde ukubunjwa kwayo kwaye ukhangele i-acidity. Iipereyitha zifuna umhlaba okhululekileyo ngokungahambisani nento okanye ukungaphelelanga kwe-acid. Ukuba amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ngoko ukulima kwiinduli ezisemgangathweni kuya kulungeleka xa usebenzisa i-rootstocks e-sparse. Ezi zizathu ezilandelayo ezibangelwa ukukhula okubi kukukho ukulimala kwintonga, ukukhusela okukhuselekileyo kwizifo kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane.

Ngowuphi unyaka owodwa ipeyara ivelisa iziqhamo emva kokutshala?

Kulo mbuzo, emva kweminyaka emibini ipayili ikhula emva kokutshala, kuxhomekeke ekunyamekelweni, kwiintlobo zesitokisi kunye neentlobo zemithi yezityalo ezihlanganisiweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwimimandla esemantla imifuno ihlulwa kwaye iphoqelelwe ukuba ichithe amandla ayo ekubuyiselweni kwesigxina. Kukho ukutya okumnandi, kodwa iipolisi zokuzichumisa, kulo mzekelo umntu kufuneka azame ukutyala iintlobo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo ukuze kuqiniswe impova.

Iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zokukhula kweeperi:

• Lada ;
• Rogneda;
• Sibiryachka;
• Ubusi;
• Inkumbulo kaYakovlev;
• Chizhovskaya;
• Yuryevskaya;
• I-birch yiMoscow;
• Iiswele;
• I-Leven;
• Petrovskaya.