Umsebenzi ophezulu weentlanzi (GNI) yinkqubo ye-neurophysiological eyenzeka kwikortex kunye ne-subcortex esondeleyo yengqondo ngexesha leenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene neengcamango ezixhasayo. Ezi nkqubo ziquka ukubunjwa, ukusebenza kunye nokuphela kweengcamango, kungekhona kubantu kuphela, kodwa nakwizilwanyana. Iimpawu zomsebenzi wesantya ophakamileyo zafundwa kwaye zachongwa yi-IP Pavlov.
Umsebenzi ophezulu wesantya womntu uyisiseko
Okokuqala, iingcamango ezisisiseko zomsebenzi wesantya ophezulu ziquka uxhumano lwesikhashana kunye ne-reflex condition. Kucaciswa ukuba, ngokwenene, umsebenzi ngamnye weSebe le-CNS yomntu ulungelelanisa kwaye wenza imisebenzi yempawu, evumela umzimba ukuba uphendule kwisimo esichaphazelekayo, esiyi-physiology yemisebenzi enkulu yokutya.
Njengoko imfundiso yentshukumo ephezulu, ithi iqukethe iinkqubo ezimbini: ukuzondla kunye nokuvinjelwa. Eyokuqala kubo inikeza isiseko sokwenxibelelana kwexeshana kunye neengcamango ezifakwe kwiimeko, kodwa xa kwenzeka ukuba i-reflex yesimo ekugcineni ihlala ingagqithwanga, ukuphela kwayo kubonakala. Oku kutshaba yinkqubo yokuvimbela.
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lomsebenzi wesantya
Ukwabela imithetho emihlanu kuphela, eyenza iimpawu zentshukumo ephezulu. Ezi ziquka ezi zilandelayo nkcazo:
- xa ukungahambisani nokungathathi hlangothi kuqiniswe ngokungahambelani, ukuhlanganiswa okwethutyana kwexeshana kwakha;
- ukuba i-stimulus yeemeko ayinakuqiniswa yinto engenakunqunyulwa, ukuxhomekeka kwexeshana kuya kuphelelwa;
- nangayiphi na imeko i-irradiation kunye nokugxininisa kweenkqubo zentloni ziyimfuneko;
- Iinkqubo zemigudu zixhomekeke ngokuqulunqwa komzimba;
- ukubunjwa kwezinto ezinokuthi zenzeke, ezona ziinkqubo ezinzima zengqondo.
Umsebenzi ophezulu weentlanzi uhlala uhambelana nale mithetho, kwaye oku akunjalo kubantu kuphela, kodwa nakwizilwanyana, njengoko uPavlov wabonakalisa kunye nenja yakhe edumile iPavlov.
Iintlobo zentsebenzo ephezulu yeentlanzi
Indlela yokuziphatha kunye nomsebenzi ophezulu weentlanzi ayixhunyekiyo. Oku kuqinisekiswa yinkcazo yeentlobo ze-GNI, ezo zizaliso ezipheleleyo zendawo yokuzalwa kunye nezinto ezifunyenweyo zenkqubo ye-nervous. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yezinto zokudabisa kunye nokuvinjelwa, iPavlov ikhethe iindidi ezine eziphambili, ezahlukileyo ekukwazi ukulungelelanisa imeko kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo.
- Uhlobo lwe-GNI luyinqanaba elinamandla (i-choleric). Ndonwabile kakhulu, ndithinteka ngokuthe tye, kwiimeko ezinzima ezixhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki zokuphazamiseka. Ukuba unqwenela, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlakulele umsebenzi ophezulu weentlanzi, usebenzise ukuvimba kwaye uphucule kakhulu.
- Uhlobo lwe-GNI luyi-inert efanelekileyo (phlegmatic). Olu hlobo lubonakaliswe yimigaqo enamandla yokubhokoxa kunye nokuvinjelwa, nangona kule meko ayinamandla, kwaye ukuguquka ukusuka kwinkqubo enye kuya kunzima.
- Uhlobo lwe-GNI olulinganiselayo olulinganisayo (sanguine). Olu hlobo lubonakaliswe iinkqubo eziqinileyo ezixhasayo kunye nokuvinjelwa, ngaphandle kokuba zihamba kakuhle kwaye ziguqule, ezivumela umntu ukuba aguqule ngokulula, aguqule kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendawo kunye nokubonakalisa ukuzinza kwiimeko ezingamanga.
- Uhlobo lwe-GNI lubuthakathaka (i-melancholic). Kule meko, zombini iinkqubo zeentlanzi zibuthathaka, okwenza umntu anzima ukulungelelanisa imo kwaye ulungelelaniso lweengxaki zeentlanzi.
Imfundiso yeentlobo zemisebenzi yokhathazeka yenza ukuba kube lula ukufunda ngokubanzi iinkqubo zengqondo kunye nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwezesayensi zanamhlanje.