Ukususela ekufikeni kweekhompyutheni, abalobi bezobuxoki bezenzululwazi baye beza kunye nezicwangciso ezineenkcukacha ezichanekileyo ezithatha ihlabathi kwaye zenze abantu babe ngamakhoboka. Izazinzulu zaqala ukuhleka ngolu hlobo, kodwa njengokuba iteknoloji yolwazi lucacisiwe, ingcamango yomshini ocacileyo yaphela ukuba ibonakale ingakholeki. Ukuvavanya ukuba ikhompyutha ingaba neengqiqo, uvavanyo lweTuring lwadalwa, kwaye aluqulunqwa ngabanye ngaphandle kuka-Alan Turing, ogama lakhe libizwa ngokuba yilobu buchule. Makhe sithethe ngokubanzi malunga nokuba luhlobo luni lokuvavanya kwaye yintoni okunokwenzeka.
Indlela yokudlula ukuhlolwa kweTuring?
Ngubani owasungula uvavanyo lweTuring, siyazi, kodwa kutheni ukuze enze ukuba aqinisekise ukuba akukho mshini ofana nomntu? Enyanisweni, u-Alan Turing wayebandakanyekile kwiingcaphephe ezinzulu "zobuchwephesha" kwaye wacetyiswa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukudala umatshini onjalo onokwenza umsebenzi wengqondo onjengomntu. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, emva kwonyaka wama-47 wekhulu lokugqibela, wathi akukho nto inzima ukwenza umatshini onokudlala i-chess kakuhle, kwaye ukuba kwenzeka, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze "ikhompyutha" yokucinga. Kodwa indlela yokuchonga ukuba ngaba iinjineli ziye zafezekisa injongo yazo okanye cha, ngaba umntwana wabo unobulumko okanye ngaba enye i-calculator esebenzayo? Ngenxa yale njongo, u-Alan Turing wenza uvavanyo lwakhe, oluvumela ukuba siqonde ukuba ubuninzi beengcaphephe zekhompyutheni banakho ukuncintisana nabantu.
Ingundoqo yesifundo seTuring yile ilandelayo: ukuba ikhompyutha ingacinga, ngoko xa uthetha, umntu akakwazi ukwahlula umatshini omnye komnye umntu. Uvavanyo luquka abantu aba-2 kunye nekhompyutheni enye, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ababonani, kwaye unxibelelwano luyabhala ngokubhaliweyo. Unxibelelwano luqhutyelwa kwixesha elilawulwayo ukuze ijaji ingakwazi ukucacisa ikhompyutha, ikhokelwa yijubane leempendulo. Uvavanyo lucatshangwa lidlulileyo, ukuba ijaji ayikwazi ukuthetha nobani kunye naye kunye nekhomputha. Ukugqiba uvavanyo lweTuring alukaze kwenzeke nayiphi na inkqubo. Ngowe-1966, inkqubo ye-Eliza yalawula ukukhohlisa abagwebi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba yayilingisa ubuchule beengcali ze-psychotherapist ngokusebenzisa ubuchule obujoliswe ngabaxhasi, kwaye abantu babengatshelwanga ukuba banokuthetha nekhompyutha. Ngomnyaka wee-1972, inkqubo ye-PARRY, ukulinganisa i-paranoid schizophrenic, nayo yakwazi ukukhohlisa ama-52% eengqondo. Uvavanyo lwaluqhutyelwa elinye iqela labagula ngengqondo, kwaye okwesibini ufunde umbhalo wokurekhoda. Ngaphambi kokuba amaqela amabini abe ngumsebenzi wokufumanisa apho amagama abantu bokwenene, kunye nenkqubo yentetho. Kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza oku kuphela kwi-48% yamatyala, kodwa uvavanyo lweTuring lubandakanya ukunxibelelana kwimodi ye-inthanethi, kunokufunda iirekhodi.
Namhlanje kukho umvuzo weLöbner, owanikezelwa ngokwemiba yenkcaso yaminyaka yonke kwiinkqubo ezazikwazi ukupasa uvavanyo lweTuring. Kukhona igolide (ebonakalayo kunye ne-audio), isilivere (i-audio) kunye nebhasi (itekisi). Iibini zokuqala azizange zinikezelwe, kodwa iindondo zethusi zinikezelwa kwiinkqubo ezinokumfanela ngokugqithiseleyo umntu ngexesha lokubhala. Kodwa olu hlobo lwanxibelelwano alukwazi ukubizwa ngokuba luphelele, kuba lufana neenkcukacha zobungane kwiintetho, eziqulethwe ngamagama athile. Yingakho
Vavanyo lwe-Turing
Enye yokutolika kwe-test ye-Turing test yajongana nayo yonke into - izicelo ezicasulayo zeesayithi ukuzisa i-captcha (CAPTHA), ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-bots spam bots. Kukholelwa ukuba akukho nkqubo enamandla ngokwaneleyo okwamanje (okanye ayifumaneki kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo) onokuyibona isicatshulwa esicatshulwayo kwaye ayivelise. Nantsi into ehlekisayo - ngoku kufuneka sibonise iikhomputha zethu amandla okucinga.