Isifo sofuba sisengozini nje kuphela kumntu osuleleka kwi-mycobacteria, kodwa nakubo bonke abathandayo. Ifomu evulekileyo yesifo sofuba isoloko iholele ekusulelekeni kwabanye abantu, ngoko ke, xa isifo sifumaneka, ukulaliswa kwezibhedlele ngokukhawuleza kwiziko elizodwa kuyimfuneko.
Isifo sesifo sofuba sifunyiwe njani?
Ifomu evulekileyo yesifo sofuba isasazwa ngamaconsi kunye nomhlaba jikelele. I-bacillus ye-tubercle i-asidi-ngokukhawuleza, ingabi nentswelo yokutshatyalaliswa kwintsholongwane, kwaye ngohlobo lwe-sputum eyomileyo inokuhlala ixesha elide, ize ingene emzimbeni womnye umntu kunye nothuli. Ngoko ke, kwigumbi apho isigulane esinomzimba ovulekileyo wesifo sofuba siphila, zonke iinkqubo zokucoca kufuneka zenziwe kwipompo, kwaye kungcono ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zeengcali.
Emva kokuba i-bacillus ye-tubercle ingene emzimbeni, isifo asihlali ngokukhawuleza. Inokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
- ixesha lokunyusa ;
- isenzo esichaphazelekayo kwi-bacillus;
- utywala;
- isifo sesifo sofuba;
- isifo sesifo sesifo sofuba.
Iimpawu zendlela evulekileyo yesifo sofuba
Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwesifo sesifo sofuba sisifo sonyango kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo siyiinyanga eziyi-3-4. Eli xesha lingaba mfutshane phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo ezinobhaktiriya, kwaye zigcine iminyaka kumntu ophilileyo okhokela ubomi obuchanekileyo kwaye odla kakuhle.
Impembelelo yokuphikisa iyenzeka xa umzimba uqala ukulwa neebhaktheriya, ngoko iimveliso zento ebalulekileyo ebangela ukuba utywala. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhuseleka kubuthathaka kangangokuba ukuchasana kuphukile. Isifo sofuba esisisiseko siqala, esiza kubandakanya i-lymph nodes. Kule nqanaba, isigulane sinempawu zokuphefumula okubangelwa yintsholongwane yentsholongwane :
- ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa;
- ukukhwehlela.
Le yimiqondiso ephambili yendlela evulekileyo yesifo sofuba, ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunokusungulwa kuphela emva koviwo olubanzi.
Ngenxa yesifo sesifo sofuba, i-lesion ihlanganisa izicubu ze-alveoli yemiphunga kunye ne-bronchi, loo mntu akayena kuphela umphathisi-nto, kodwa isasaza sesifo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuphela xa ifika kwifomu yayo evulekile. Ubonakaliswa ubukho be-mycobacteria kwi-sputum, echithwe ngokukhwehlela.
Ukususela kulo mzuzu ukuhlukaniswa kwesigulane kuqala ngonyango olulandelayo kwisibhedlele sesifo somhlaza wesifo sofuba. Unokupheliswa ngokugqibeleleyo ngokuchongwa okufanelekileyo kwee-antibiotics kunye ne-chemotherapy. Kuze kube namhlanje, ukufa kwabantu besifo sesifo sofuba kunqabile kakhulu kwaye kungaphantsi kwe-20% yenani lazo zonke iimeko.