Wilms tumor

I-Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) isifo esibuhlungu, esona siqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-15 ubudala. Ngaphezu kwe-80% yeziganeko zezifo ze-oncological kubantwana zenzeka kwi-nephroblastoma. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izilonda zodwa zentlungu yesifo. Kukholelwa ukuba ukuphuhliswa kwayo kubangelwa ukuphulwa komsebenzi weentso kwixesha elibambileyo.

I-Wilms i-tumor kubantwana: udidi

Ewonke, kukho izigaba ezi-5 zesifo:

1. I-tumor iphela ngaphakathi kwenye yeentso. Njengomthetho, umntwana akabi naziphi na eziphazamisayo kwaye akakhonanga.
2. I-tumor ngaphandle kweentso, akukho metastasis.
3. I-tumor ihluma i-capsule yayo kunye namalungu asondeleyo. I-lymph nodes zichaphazelekayo.
4. Kukho i-metastases (isibindi, imiphunga, amathambo).
5. Ukubandakanyeka kweengonyama nge-tumor.

I-Wilms i-tumor: iimpawu

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntwana kunye nesigaba sesifo, ezi zimpawu zilandelayo:

• buthathaka;
• uvakalelwa kukuba
• kunciphisa ukutya;
• ukulahleka kwesisindo;
• ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
• ukugqithisa kwesikhumba;
• ukwanda kancinci kwexinzelelo lwegazi;
• kwiimvavanyo zegazi kukho ukwanda kwe-ESR kunye nokunciphisa isinyithi;
• macrogematuria (igazi kumchamo);
• Kwezinye iimeko kukho ukukhutshwa kwamathumbu ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwesisu somathumbu.

Kwakhona, phambi kobuhlungu be-Wilms, ukuziphatha komntwana kunokutshintsha.

Ekupheleni kwesi sifo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlolisise nge-neoplasm esiswini. Umntwana unakho ukukhalaza intlungu ebangelwa ukucinywa kwamalungu angamelwane (isibindi, isifo se-retroperitoneal, ingqungquthela).

I-Metastases ixhaphake kakhulu kwimiphunga, isibindi, intliziyo ephikisanayo, ingqondo. Ngomninzi weemitha ezithintekayo, umntwana ogulayo uqala ukunciphisa umzimba kunye namandla ngokukhawuleza. Imiphumo ye-Lethal ingenzeka ngenxa ye-pulmonary failure and exhaustion of body.

I-Wilms i-tumor ingahamba kunye nezinye izifo eziphathekayo eziphathekayo: iziphene ekuphuhliseni inkqubo ye-musculoskelet, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, i-ectopia, i-kidney double, i-hemihypertrophy.

Iintsholongwane ze-nephroblast kubantwana: unyango

Ngethuba elincinci lokungabikho komzimba kwisisu esiswini, ugqirha ubeka i-set of diagnostic procedures:

• uyazi kuzo zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo;
• utywala o
• i radiography;
• tomography;
• i-renal arteriography;
• isiskripthi se-radiosotope yokuqulunqa i-metastases emzimbeni womntwana.

I-tumor iphathwa ngokugqithisileyo, ilandelwa ngu-radiotherapy kunye neyeza ezinzulu. Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lungasetyenziswa kwixesha langaphambili kunye nexesha lokugqibela. Ukusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kweentlobo zamachiza ezinobuthi (i-vinblastine, doxirubicin, i-vincristine). Njengomthetho, unyango lwe-radiation alunasetyenziswa ukuphatha abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ubudala.

Xa kwenzeka kwakhona, i-chemotherapy enobudlova, unyango ogqityiweyo kunye ne-radiotherapy zenziwa. Ingozi yokubuyela kwakhona ayikho ngaphaya kwe-20% kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba leminyaka.

Ukuba i-tumor ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa, koko kusetshenziswe i-chemotherapy course, ilandelwe yophicotho-zincwadi (ukususwa).

Ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesifo, isalathiso siyahlukileyo: ipesenteji ephezulu yokubuyisela (90%) iboniswe kwisigaba sokuqala, sesine ukuya kwi-20%.

Isiphumo sonyango sichaphazelekayo ngumntwana wengxaki xa kufunyanwe isisu. Njengomthetho, abantwana baphila unyaka omnye kwii-80% zamatyala, kwaye emva konyaka - akukho ngaphezu kwesigamu sabantwana.