Igama elithi "inkolelo" evela kwisiLatini iguqulelwe njengenkohliso okanye ukukhohlisa. Oku kusekho nkcazelo echanekileyo yeli gama. Ihlabathi eliqhaqhakazileyo elikhohlakeleyo alisoloko liyinyani, kodwa lihlala liyimvakalelo ekhohlisayo eyenza inyaniso ibe yinyani kwaye ikhusele ukuba iphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Izizathu zokubonakala kweengcamango zininzi, kwakunye neentlobo zazo.
Iyintoni into engekho?
Iimeko ezifanayo zinokudalwa ngumlingo onobuchule okanye umama ngokwakhe - uhlobo, kodwa kwenzeka ukuba umntu ngokwakhe ngokwakhe uzethula ekukhohliseni. Iingcamango xa into eyona nto iboniswe kwifomu ephosakeleyo kwaye iyaqondwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Kukholelwa ukuba inkohliso yeqabane layo naluphi na ukugula kwengqondo , kodwa oku akunjalo ngokupheleleyo, umntu onempilo uyakwazi ukuziva ukukholelwa. Ungayibona njani inkohliso?
- Ngenxa yobuxoki bokukhanya.
- Ukuba ngumntu ongaqhelekanga kumntu (ukuxhatshazwa ngokweengxubeba, ukukhubazeka okanye ukuma kokuchaphazelekayo).
Kwiingcamango zemihla ngemihla, phantsi kokukholelwa kuthetha ithemba kunye namaphupha. Ihlabathi elingenangqiqo elidala ukukhohlisa lihlabathi lokuzikhohlisa, kwaye likhonza njengendlela eququzelela ubomi bomntu okanye yonke into yokukhupha. Uluntu luhlala luzama ukuzikhusela kwiintshutshiso kwaye zilwela ukugqithisa, lenza amaphupha ommangaliso, ludala imifanekiso "yobomi obuhle" okanye abantu abalungileyo.
Ziziphi iingcinga ezihlukileyo kwiindawo zokuhlala?
Ubomi beemeko zingenza iimeko apho abantu baya kuba neengxaki zokubona. Ukugula okunjalo kunokubangelwa ziingcamango kunye neengcamango, nokuba umntu ophilileyo akakhuselekanga kubo. Indlela yokwahlula omnye komnye:
- Ngenxa yeengcamango, unokubona izinto zangempela zivela ngaphesheya okanye ngokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwenyaniso. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo umntu angakwazi ukubona into ethile, umzekelo, xa kusasa kuthutha izinto nezinye izinto kwabanye, iqabunga eliqhakazile emthini ukuthatha isimboli se-mushroom, lunokuba ngabantu abaphilileyo. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa iimpazamo ezinjalo kwiimbono ezibuhlungu zento.
- I-hallucinations ivela apho kungekho nto. Ukuphishekela imifanekiso kunokuvela kwimvelaphi yengqondo. Abantu abasempilweni, bavela ukuba baseburhulumenteni apho ingqondo yabo ishintshiwe.
Iingcamango zokujonga
Ukuqonda komntu ongaphelelekanga, ngamanye amaxesha uyakwazi ukubona umfanekiso, uva isandi, uzive ukuba intle ayikho into enjalo. Isiqhelo esivamile ukuba, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokuqonda okuphosakeleyo, ingqondo iya kwakha imifanekiso engahambelani nokoqobo. Umntu unako ukudala ukubonakala kwezinto ezingekho ngokoqobo okanye ngokuchasene nokungaboni ubungqina. Iingcamango zengcamango yengqondo yindlela yokuqwalaselwa kweziganeko, nangona umntu eqonda ukuba oku kusemgangathweni yinto enokwenzeka. Ngoko unako ukubona umthunzi, ukuphazamiseka kwento kwindawo yamanzi kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Ziziphi iingcinga?
Kuzo zonke izitho zengqondo kukho ubuncinane bodwa, kukho ezininzi zazo. Iintlobo zobuqhetseba umntu angakwazi ukuzifumana zinayo iyunithi yazo:
- i-optical-le ngcamango ebonakalayo;
- isandi - ukungaphumeleli kwintetho;
- izixhobo zomzimba - iipheripheral okanye i-link eziphambili zengqondo azizange zenze ngokuchanekileyo;
- ukuqonda - umqondo wobungqina, ubhekisele kwiifom zokucoca;
- ezinxulumene nemvelo kunye neemeko zendalo;
- ezichaphazelayo-zingabonakala ngokutshintsha okuthe tye;
- i-organic-perception perception of colors, size and shapes;
- indalo - ngokudalwa kwemifanekiso yombono.
Iingcamango zengqondo
Iingcamango ezingenangqiqo zezinto zangempela zibizwa ngokuba yi-paradeyological illusion. Ukugqithisa okunjalo kunokuvela xa umntu ebheka iphepha lodonga, umfestile, amanqatha okanye ukukhukhula, amafu. Awukwazi ukubona ubuso okanye izinto kuphela, kodwa nemifanekiso emnandi. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yesiphumo sesibini somfanekiso, xa ukuchaneka kobunzulu okanye ukubonakaliswa kwimizekelo kubonwe ngokukodwa ukucatshulwa. Olu hlobo luya kubonwa ngabantu abaningana xa beqwalasela into eyaziwayo, ngokomzekelo ifa lemveli.
Iingxaki zoBuchule
Ukuba kwindawo ethile yomphefumlo womphefumlo, kwaye ngoko, ekubeni kwindawo engaqhelekanga, umntu uyakwazi ukubona okungaqhelekanga. Umzekelo ocacileyo ukutyelela ebusuku emangcwabeni. Ukuba uphantsi kwemoyiko kunye nokulindela into engathandekiyo, nayiphi na umntu uyakwazi ukubona into engeyiyo. Okanye ukwesaba iincinci, nokuba khona kwendawo entsha, indawo engaqhelekanga, umntu uya kuyika ukubonakala kwawo yonke indawo. Abantu abaninzi banako ukubona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobungcamango. Iingxaki zengqondo ziyakubonakala nangomntu onempilo.
Physical Illusions
Abanye abaqhubi kwiibali zabo bagxininisa ukuba xa uhamba phezu kolwandle, xa ubonakalisa iinkwenkwezi, ngoko kukho ukuvakalelwa kwendiza. Into ebalulekileyo yeengcinga ezibonakalayo ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwimeko yengqondo. Iingcamango zomzimba okanye eziphathekayo - ezi zizinto ezifutshane zexesha, ziyi-episodic. Ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukuvavanya imeko leyo, ukuqonda ukuba oku kuyingcamango, oko kubonisa impilo yakhe yengqondo .
Ziyilwa njani izinto zokuziphatha zomzimba? Umzekelo ocacileyo ukuphulwa kweso, xa kunzima ukucacisa umgama ukusuka kumntu ukuchasa ngeso. Izalathisi zangempela kunye nombono wobuxoki umgama kwaye udale olu hlobo lokungaqondi. Phantse bonke abantu bajamelana nolo hlobo lokungaqondakali kwaye beyazi ukuba oku kungabonakaliyo, kulula ukuyilungisa. Uhlobo oluthile lokukhohlisa luphawu lwesakhiwo kunye neempembelelo zeso.
UCognitive Illusions
Ezi zinto zivela ngenxa yokuba umntu uqala ukwenza iingcamango malunga nehlabathi, okukhokelela ekuhlalutheni, ngezinye izihlandlo. Iingcamango zengqondo zicinga ukuphosakela, zikhula ngenxa yokuziphatha kwengqondo. Ukholo olunjalo lomntu ngumzekelo wokucinga ngokukhawuleza, ukuba umntu waqala ukuhlalutya iingcamango zakhe, ngoko kwakungeke kwenzeke. Ukuphazamiseka kwengcamango kuqhutyelwa ngophando lwezengqondo ngenxa yokuba zithwala iziphumo zobuntu kunye noluntu.
Iilusions - Psychology
Bonke abantu bathambekele ekuvaleleni, benze izigqibo ezinzima, bafune iimpendulo zemibuzo. Iingcamango zabantu zivela, ukuba kususwe ukungaqiniseki kwimibuzo ethile. Yintoni ekholelwa kwiingqondo? Yinto yokwakheka komfanekiso waloo mbono kunye nokufaka endaweni yayo, endaweni yendawo yangoku kunye nenene. Iilusions zinokunceda umntu akhuphe uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo. Nangona ekugqibeleni umfanekiso unemibala embi, ngoko umntu uya kucetyiswa, oko akumele akamoyike.
Ukucinga okunjalo okokuqala kungalunganga kwaye akukho nto inokuyenza ngayo. Iingcali zengqondo aziyizihlomelo ezifana nezifo zabantu, kodwa zikhuthaza ukuba bayeke ukuhlala kwihlabathi elikhohlisayo. Phila iilusiyo rhoqo, ubuncinane. Ukuba umntu uphila kwaye uhlala ephethe izilwanyana malunga nabanye abantu, ngoko kufuneka aphendule kwi-psychologist.
Iimbangela zokugwenxa
Xa umntu ebukela i-spoon bend xa ebhaptizwa kwiglasi yamanzi, oko akusikho ukuphulwa kwe-psyche. Le ngcamango enokuvela kuyo nayiphi na umntu ophilileyo. Izilwanyana zivame ukuvela kumntu onengcamango enobudlova, tyelela abantu abadala. Ukusuka kwimingcingo okanye ukukhathala abantu banokubona nokuva nantoni na engalunganga. Kodwa ukuba ukukhwabanisa sele kusekho umhlobo othembekileyo kwaye uhanjelwe ngethuba elithile elinomdla, oko kunoko isifo se-psyche.
Inentsingiselo kunye nantoni ecacileyo efika kumntu. Isandi sokukhupha amanzi kwipompo evaliwe, akusiyo isizathu sokuqhubela ugqirha, into enzulu xa uva ngexesha elifutshane. Iimbangela zeengcinga ezininzi aziwazanga kwaye nanamhla, abanalo incazelo yesayensi. Ukuhlala kwihlabathi leengcamango kukukwakha ubomi bakho ngokungathi ubukho bomntu buvela kwenye ihlabathi. Akunandaba, ihlabathi elikhohlisayo libhetele okanye libi nakakhulu, into ephambili kukuba ihlukile.
Unokuyeka njani ukuhlala kwiingcamango?
Ukuziphatha kule nto okanye loo meko kunye nezisombululo zayo kukhokelela kwimiphumo ethile. Umntu ozikhethele yona indlela yokuphila ngeengcamango, uqala ukusebenzisa imithetho yehlabathi eliyinyani ngokwenene. Uzikhethela yena umzekelo wokuziphatha onokusebenza kwihlabathi lakhe elikhohlisayo, kodwa kungekhona ngokwenene. Ukondla izilwanyana ngendlela elula, kwambi ngamanye amaxesha uncedo, kodwa ukuhlala kuzo kuyingozi, ngoko kufuneka ukwazi ukukrazula iingcamango.
- Kufanelekile ukuzama ukugoba ihlabathi lokuzikhohlisa. Kuye, kufuneka uqalise imfazwe kwisicatshulwa sakho kwaye utshabalalise zonke ezo ngcamango ezingekho ngokoqobo. Abantu abaqhubeka behlala kwihlabathi elikhohlisayo baya kubonisa abazayo. Bakulungele ukuthulula umsindo wabo kubo bonke abasondeleyo. Bakhononda ngobomi kubantu abangenangqungquthela, abahamba nabo, kwiintanethi zentlalo .
- Umntu kufuneka aqonde ukuba yinto enjalo, ayiyi kuba enye. Zonke iintsilelo zibangelwa kungekhona into yokuba umntu ungalunganga, kodwa ngenxa yokuba wenza kakubi, ekhangele emva kwakhe. Indoda kufuneka ikhule. Ukuba ngabantu abadala abayikushiya iinjongo zabo baze bayeke ukufuna ukubona ubomi babo bubhetele, kuthetha ukuthatha inyaniso, ukwazi ihlabathi, ukufunda ukuyiqonda ngokuchanekileyo.