IHosta - ukutyala nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekile, iimpawu zokulima

Khetha umhlobiso omuhle kwi-infield yakho, ke ngenxa yale njongo, umgcini kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo ukulungele ukulungiswa ekukhetheni indawo elungileyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kweminye imithetho ye-agrotechnical. Yisityalo esinezityalo ezingenasiphelo, esingafihlayo esilungele ngokupheleleyo kwiintlobo ezininzi zeendawo.

Ukuhlawula umkhosi

Isityalo esihle semifuno sijonge kakhulu kwi-flowerbeds ngokudibanisa neziqhamo ezahlukeneyo zezimbali ezikufutshane neendawo zokugcina izixhobo. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba umninikhaya ukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukubona iindawo ezintle zokusasaza kuya kufuneka ukuba ulinde. Olunye uhlobo - oluqhelekileyo noluninzi lwezohlobongela, luya kuthatha ixesha lokukhula ngokupheleleyo. Ngomnyaka wokuqala emva kokutyala iimpawu ze-varietal ziya kubonakaliswa. Ukutyala intyatyambo yomncedisi kunye nokunyamekela kwenzelwe ngokwemiqathango, eyenziwa ngokuqwalasela ezi zizodwa zenkcubeko.

Hosta - imbewu yokulima

Ukukhula kwenkcubeko yokuqala ye-herbaceous, ungasebenzisa imbewu edayiswa kwiivenkile okanye iyakwazi ukuqokelelwa ngokukhawuleza kwintlambo ekhulayo. Qaphela ukuba izityalo ezivuthiweyo ziba ziiveki ezi-6-8 emva kokuvumba. Ukuqokelela imbewu kwixesha ukususela ekupheleni kwehlobo ukuya ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Kubalulekile ukuba ungaphutheli umzuzu xa ibhokisi ibonakala ibomvu kwaye ivule. Ukuhlakulela imikhosi ngembewu iphumelele, impahla ehlanganisiweyo yokutyala imisiwe ngokucokisekileyo kwiqondo eliphezulu lika-30-35 ° C, lifake kwisikhwama kunye nesitoreji ekushiseni kwe-2-4 ° C.

Ukuqala nokukhula ngokunyanisekileyo kumphathi, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo kuthetha ukukhula kwembewu kwizityalo. Yenza oku kunye nemithetho emininzi:

1. Okokuqala, nciphisa iitanki zokutyala, ukuphakama kwayo kufuneka kube ngu-8-10 cm. Sebenzisa utywala ngonyango kule njongo. Ukucoca umhlaba, kufuneka uwuthulule ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate uze ucoce ihafu yesure kwindawo yokuhlamba amanzi.
2. Imbewu ihamba kwi- stimulator yokukhula , umzekelo, kwi "Kornevin". Abanye balimi bacebisa ukucwangciswa kwangaphambili kwaye bathathe imbewu yeenyanga ezi-2-2.5. kubanda.
3. Qala phambili imbewu yokuhluma kakuhle ngo-Ephreli okanye ngoMeyi. Gcwalisa isitya ngenkunkuma kunye nomhlaba. Ukusabalalisa imbewu, uzama ukwenza i-1 pc. Okuphezulu kunye nomgca womhlaba, u-5-7 mm ubukhulu.
4. Ukucwangcisa ngokukhawuleza umhlaba kwaye uwenze umququzelele. Beka iphephandaba phezulu, ukuze kuthathe umswakama obuninzi, kwaye udibanise isitya kunye nefilimu okanye iglasi.
5. Beka izikhonkwane endaweni apho ubushushu abuyehla phantsi kwe-18 ° C, kodwa kungabi ngaphezu kwama-25 ° C. Izityalo ziya kubonakala kwiiveki ezi-2-3, into ephambili ungayikhohlwa ukuhambisa umhlaba. Izithombo zingabonakali phantsi kweemitha ezitshisa ilanga. Ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe. Xa ushiya ngokupheleleyo kunye nezityalo ziqina, unako ukutyalela imikhosi kwindawo evulekile.

Ukutyala umninimzi u-rhizome

Olu hlobo lokulima lulula xa kuthelekiswa nokutsalwa kwembewu. Ukuqala umkhosi, ukutshala nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo, ucingisise le mithetho elandelayo:

1. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela umgangatho weengcambu, ngoko akufanele zibole, zonakaliswe kwaye zome. Bamele babe nobuncinci bokukhula okubini.
2. Ngaphambi kokutyala emhlabathini ovulekileyo, qi niseka ukuba uhlambulule izinto zokutyala ezivela kwiingcambu ezonakalisiweyo kwaye uphathe ngeendlela ezisuka kwiingcambu zokubola kunye nefungus.
3. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba umhlaba wokutyala ulungiselelwe ukusukela ekwindla. Ukwenza oku, gcwalisa umbhede nge-humus okanye umququze uze ubambe. Ukuba le nto ayinakuyenza, faka izichumisi ezinzima kwindawo yokulima nganye.
4. Njengoko iingcambu zikhula ngokuthe ngqo, ukufika kwemikhosi kwindawo evulekileyo kufuneka kuqhutywe kwiindawo ezininzi. Umgama phakathi kwabo kwiintlobo ezincinci kufuneka zibe ngu-20-30 cm, kwaye zide zide kwaye zide kumama-40-50 cm. Emgodini, yenza isilonda phakathi kwaye ubeke iingcambu zokusasaza kuyo. Gcwalisa umhlaba, ushiye intamo ingcini. Ngokuyimfuneko ekugqibeleni bonke bathululela.

Xa ukubeka umkhosi kwindawo evulekile?

Ekutyalweni kokuqala kweengcambu okanye imbewu, ukushisa okuphantsi kakhulu akufuneki, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba uqale ukukhula isityalo kwindawo evulekile ukususela entwasahlobo. Elinye ixesha elifanelekileyo livela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti ukuya ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Ukutyala imithombo yamanzi entwasahlobo emhlabathini yenziwa ngokwemiqathango yonke. Qaphela, ukuba iingcambu zithengwa ngoFebruwari-Matshi, ngoko ziya kufuneka zigcinwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuthengwa kwee-rhizomes zifake kwi-peat encinci kwaye zifake kwisikhwama se-cellophane. Gcina kwifriji okanye kwindawo esezantsi, into ephambili kukuba ukushisa akuwa phantsi kwe-1 ° C.

Hosta - indawo yokuhlala

Ukuze uphuhliso oluhle lweenkcubeko zentlaba, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yokutyala, ngoko kuyafaneleka ukuba sicinge ukuba ummkeli ungumhlobo wothando. Cingisisa xa ubeka umbane wemimoya - ukukhanya kweqabunga lamagqabantsana kufuphi nesiqithi, ngakumbi ufuna ilanga. Xa ukhetha uhlobo olumnyama oluhlaza kunye nolubuluhlaza, ukhetho lukunikwa kwiindawo ezisemthunzini. Kwezinye iimeko, gcina ilanga liphuma emanzini kwindawo evulekile, njengoko oku kuya kubangela ukutshisa.

Ukulima kwemikhosi enempilo, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela kwindawo evulekile kufuneka kuthathe ingqalelo umgangatho womhlaba. Nangona kungenakudinga umhlaba, kungcono ukukhetha ukhetho lwe-humus loam, apho amanzi angayi kuhluma. Ukuba i-site ene-sod-podzolic ikhethiweyo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungeze i-humus, isanti kunye ne-fertilizer. Qaphela ukuba xa ufika kwiindawo ezinesihlabathi somninimzi uya kukhula ixesha elide aze ahlawule.

Imikhosi - ukunakekelwa nokulima

Isityalo asinakubizwa ngokuba sifuna, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo lokuphuhlisa olufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imigaqo yamanani:

1. Ukunyamekela imikhosi kubandakanya ukutshintshwa kwokhula rhoqo kunye nokukhishwa kwesikhashana komhlaba ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwi-oksijeni.
2. Ukuze wenze isiqithi sijonge, susa amaqabunga aphuzi kunye neentolo ezincinane zeentyatyambo.
3. Kwindawo enye, ummandla kwindawo evulekile angakhula ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20, kodwa ukuze ihlathi lingakhuli kakhulu, kwiminyaka engama-3-4 emva kokutyala kuyimfuneko ukuhlukanisa intombazana yentombi.

Ukunyamekela kwemikhosi entwasahlobo

Emva kokubanda ubusika, kunzima ukubona amahlumela amatsha ngo-Meyi, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ukhula kunye namanzi ngokucokisekileyo. Qiniseka ukuba ususe indawo yokukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela ilanga nokushisa kwisityalo. Ukunyamekela umkhosi entwasahlobo e-dacha kudinga ukwenza ukuchumisa, ngoko ungasebenzisa izichumiso zeentyatyambo kunye nezityalo zokutyebisa. Ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokwakha imvelo, unokuhambisa amanzi ngeesisombululo se-nitrophosphate, ngoko yonke im2 m2 kufuneka ibe ngama-30-40 g.

Ukunyamekela umphathi ehlobo

Ngethuba elitshisayo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba awuwomile kakhulu, ngoko ke ukuthambisa kubonakala ngeveki. Kuya kufuneka ibe ninzi, kodwa ihlambuluke, ukuze i-jet eqinile ingabonakali umhlaba kwaye iphule amaqabunga. Kwada kwaphakathi kwenyanga kaJulayi kunceda ukuchumisa usebenzisa isisombululo se- Mullein okanye isichumisi esichukumisayo. Ukunyamekelwa kwemikhosi ehlobo evulekileyo kubonisa ukususwa kweentsimbi ezincinci, ngaphandle koko amaqabunga aya kutshintsha kwaye amahlathi aya kuvuleka. Iziqu ezinomdaka zingasala.

Ukunyamekela umphathi ekwindla

Ukukhusela isityalo kwiqabunga eziqinileyo zasebusika, kubalulekile ukugubungela amahlathi. Okokuqala kufuneka unqumle onke amahlamvu, ngoko ke iphutha elikhulu ukulishiya ukuze lisebenzise i-mulch, njengoko umphumo uyingozi yezilwanyana ezinokutshabalalisa amahlathi. Ukugcina ummiselo, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo kuthetha ukusika amaphepha, kodwa kufuneka kubune.

Njengendawo yokukhusela ebusika, sebenzisa amagatsha ase-spruce okanye peat. Kunconywa ukuba kuqala ucocele i-organics ekhethiweyo yokuxuba , umzekelo, ukusebenzisa uthuli lomsila okanye ukulungiselela u-"Fitosporin-M". Ukulima kweemikhosi kwindawo evulekileyo kungavumeli ukunyusa kwekwindla, njengoko isityalo sinokuqhwala. Enye i-tip - emva kweentyantyambo, qi niseka ukususa i-peduncles ukuze imbewu ingabi nexesha lokwenza, kwaye isityalo sinalo ixesha lokubuyisela amandla alo kubusika.

Ukunyamekela kwemikhosi kwintsimi-yokugqoka

Kuya kwinqanaba elithokozisiweyo ngeqabunga lamagqabi kwaye kungagula, kucetyiswa ukuba wenze isichumisi. Abagadi bezolimo abanolwazi bayacetyiswa ukuba baphumelele ukuchumisa ngexesha lokukhula okukhulayo, ngexesha lokugquma kunye emva kokugqitywa kwalo. Ukunyamekela kwondlo lokusingqongileyo entwasahlobo kunye nehlobo kufuneka kube ne-nitrogen, potassium kunye ne-phosphorus. Ku luncedo kwi-plant compost kunye ne-humus, kodwa kungcono ukuyenza xa utyalo. Kubalulekile ukuba ungadluli kunye nezichumisi.

Ukulima umthombo - ukuthambisa

Ukugcina ubuhle kunye nokukhula okulungileyo, kubalulekile ukuba uphumelele. Ehlabathini evulekileyo, ukunkcenkceshwa kunconywa ekuseni ukuphepha amagqabi omculo. Ukunkcenkceshela imikhosi kunye nokunyamekela kwitshintsho yemozulu, ngoko ke umthamo wamanzi uphakanyiswa ukwandisa. Kukulungele ukusebenzisa amanzi aphantsi, okungafanelekanga kubanda. Fundisa, ukuba izityalo ziye zaba mnyama iingcebiso zamagqabantshintshi, oku kubonisa inani elaneleyo lobumanzi.

Ukulima kwemikhosi kwindawo evulekileyo - ukuvelisa

Ukuze ukwandise inani lemimandla kwindawo yakho, ungasebenzisa imbewu kunye nee-rhizomes, kunye nendlela yokwenza ngokuchanekileyo kuboniswe ngasentla. Ukuzaliswa kwemikhosi, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela kwenzelwa ngokwemiqathango ye-agrotechnical, ngoko unokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezimbini:

1. Ukuzaliswa ngokucinywa. Qalisa umsebenzi ukususela phakathi koMeyi ukuya kuAgasti. Sebenzisa amahlumela amancinane ngamaqabunga amancinci kunye neengcambu ezincinci. Emva kokusika iinqununu, susa amaqabunga kwaye ungawafaka ebhodweni elilungiselelwe. Ekuqaleni, iyakumhlophe, kodwa ngenxa yokuthambisa nokutshiza rhoqo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa iya kuqala ukuphuhlisa.
2. Ukuphindaphinda ngokuhlula isiqithi. Umninimzi ukhula kakuhle, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo olandelwa ukuhlukana kwehlathi. Ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Ukwahlula kwiincinci ezincinci, into ephambili kukuba ne-1-2 rosettes yamacembe. Beka izityalo ezintsha emithonjeni, esele yanyunyiwe, ngobunzulu be-20-25 cm. Umgama phakathi kweendawo kufuneka ube ngama-30-35 cm. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuhambisa amanzi amaninzi.

Ukunyuka kwintsimi kwintsimi - izifo kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane

Isityalo sinomsocoko oluhle kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane, kodwa ngokunyamekela okungafanelekanga kwindawo evulekile, ezi zilandelayo zivela:

1. Fillistikoz. Isi sifo sesifo singabonwa kwiindawo zobomvu obomvu. Ingxaki isasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Ukunyamekela umphathi kwi-dacha kuthetha ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo ezichaphazelekayo, kwaye uchithe iifutha kunye neziyobisi "Vectra" okanye "Abiga-Peak".
2. Grey kubola. Okokuqala, kugqitywa iingcebiso zeqabunga, kwaye emva koko, isilonda sisondela kwisiqulatho sonke. Ukulwa nesifo kunokuncediswa yi-Bordeaux fluid.
3. Ukubola kweengcambu. Ngamanzi amaninzi, iingcambu ziqala ukubola. Isityalo esichaphazelekayo kufuneka sivunwe, iingcambu zihlanjwe kwaye iinxalenye ezinengxaki zisuswe, kwaye zonyangwa kwisisombululo esinobuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate kwaye sityalwe kwenye indawo.
4. Slugs. Iipasasiti zithinta amaqabunga, ezishiya umkhondo we-mucus omisiwe kunye nezimbobo ezincinci. Kunzima ukulwa nawo, ngoko-ke "fakazela" i-"Thunderstorm" phantsi kwesi sityalo uze ufihle iplalywood kunye nomninindlu ubusuku. Ngomso ukuqokelela i-slugs.
5. IMatodes ezicacileyo. Ama-parasites avelisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukusuka kuwo kumagqabantshintshi kukho imibala elula yombala obomvu. Imimandla echaphazelekayo kufuneka isuswe kwaye ikhutshelwe i-disinfected ngokusebenzisa isisombululo esisesikweni.