Phakathi kobunzima beepods, iifama zeTurkey ziyaziwa ngokungaqhelekanga kwimizimba kunye neendawo ezibonakalayo ezixhamlayo, sisiseko senani elikhulu lezitya zokutya zaseMpumalanga. Esi sityalo sityalo sinomsoco phambi kwazo zonke izihlobo zayo kwaye zifanelwe ukubhaliswa kuyo yonke imyezo yasekhaya.
Iifama zeTurkey (i-chickpeas) - inkcazo
Isityalo sinamagama amaninzi-i-peck pea, i-polka peas, ii-pear, i-peas peas. Iifowuni ze-turkey iifutshane kunye ne-1-2 yee-grains, kwamanye amabakala ukuya kumaqhekeza angama-4, iziqhamo kwi-touch ziyi-tuberculate-rough, zangaphandle zifana nentloko yegusha elincinci. I-nut - isityalo esixabisekileyo, ukuyikhulela kwindlu yangasemva iya kuzisa inzuzo eninzi kumnini. Nangona uludwe olufutshane lweemveliso ze-turkey i-peas lunceda ukuvavanya onke amathemba abalulekileyo ekuhlaleni kwawo kwindawo yommandla wamadlelo.
Yintoni eyaziwayo kwiifama zaseTurkey:
- I-chickpeas ingadliwa ngendlela ephekiweyo kunye neyobuhlaza, ixabiso elikhulu lihlume iiimbotyi.
- Inkcazo encinci ye-glycemic yenza iifesi ziyimveliso ebalulekileyo kwizidlo zesifo sikashukela.
- Ngomlinganiselo weprotheni, ii-chickpeas zingaphantsi kwezitya zenyama, ngoko kuyacetyiswa kubafaki kunye namaKristu ukusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuzila ukudla.
- Kwi-peas yaseTurkey inani elikhulu le-phosphorus, i-magnesium ene potassium, i riboflavin kunye ne-lecithin, iivithamini eziphambili.
- Ukongeza kwixabiso lokutya, iifesi zeTurkey zisetyenziselwa ukutya.
- Kukholelwa ukuba ngokwexabiso lokutya, le mibhontshisi inokuthi ithathe indawo yokutya kwintlanzi kwimimidi yokutya.
- Ukutya okutya okukhunjulwa kwesi sityalo kuyakunceda kwaye kuyamnandi, kwaye umgubo kubo usetshenziselwa ukupheka nokupheka iipridridges.
Chickpea - ukufika
Iifama zeTurkey azizona izityalo ezingenakunqwenelekayo nezindayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunyamezela isimo sezulu esiqingqileyo kwaye emva kwemvula iphinda ivelise kakuhle izityalo, ivelise isivuno esihle kakhulu. Okugqithiseleyo kulona hlobo lweemifuno lukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwandiswe yi-askohitosis, ebangela ukungaphumeleli kwe-ovari. Esi sityalo sichazwa njengenkcubeko engapheliyo ebomini yosuku olude, ukumelana nesithwathwa esinzima phantsi kwekhephu. E-Uzbekistan, ukutshala kwee-chick peas kwenzeka ekwindla.
Indlela yokutshala ama-chickpeas?
Iifama azithinteli umhlaba, ngokuchaseneyo, iyakwandisa kakhulu isivuno kwisayithi, esenza ukuba ibe yinto ehamba phambili kuyo yonke izityalo. Imeko ebalulekileyo - ukungabikho kokhula okungapheliyo, kunzima ukunyamekelwa kweebhedi. Umxholo womswakama womhlaba uthinta ubunzulu bokuhluma. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, zivaliwe kwi-6-8 cm, ukuba isityalo senziwa ngexesha elomileyo, ukwandisa ubunzulu bokutshala ukuya kwi-10 cm. Ukwandisa ukukhula nokwandisa isivuno, isichumisi se-mineral isetyenziselwa ukutshala i-chickpea-nitrate, i- nitroammophosco , i- superphosphate .
Iindlela zokutyala iifama ze-turkey:
- umqolo (imbewu yokulima emva kwe-15 cm),
- indlela yokwenza itekisi (amanani amaninzi athile ngokukhawulelana kunye ne-gap encinane),
- I-wide-stranded (ububanzi bemigca phakathi kwe-45-60 cm).
Ngaba ndifuna ukucwina i-chickpeas ngaphambi kokutyala?
Ngomthombo owomileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba udibanise i-chickpeas, ukutshala nokukhula isityalo ngale ndlela ayifani kwinkimbinkimbi. Imbewu ekulungele ukuhlwayela ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi kwaye ihamba ngeeyure eziyi-12, iguqula umbane emva kweeyure ezingama-3. Kunokwenzeka, ngexesha elifanayo kunye nokucwina, ukwenza unyango lwembewu ngamalungiselelo anokukhuthaza ukuhluma. Ukuba umhlaba unomswakama, ke iimbotyi zihlwayelwa ngaphandle kokucwina.
Nini ukutshala ii-chickpeas?
Ukutshala ama-chickpeas entwasahlobo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-climo ziyahluka ngohlobo lwemozulu lendawo. Agronomists batusa ukujongwa kulo mbandela kumngcipheko kunye nobushushu bomhlaba. Ngethuba lokusasa kwentwasahlobo, amaqabunga aseTurkey ayinakulimala, ngoko ke ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhlwayela i-chickpeas lifudumala umgangatho ophezulu womhlaba kwiqondo lokushisa lika-5-6 ° C.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-chickpeas kweli lizwe?
Ngokungafani neepeas, esi sityalo asipheli kwaye asimelana nokufakwa. Ukulima kwesi sivuno esingenakunyakazekayo kunye nehlabathi esithambileyo siyafaneleka, isivuno esihle kunazo zonke kwi-dachas sifumaneka xa sihlwayelwa emabhedeni kunye ne-grain spacing ye-15 cm ukuya kwi-20 cm. chemistry.
Iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zee-turkey iipasisi:
- Ifama yaseburhulumenteni. Ukubhekisela kwiindidi ezivuthiweyo, izityalo zihlala iintsuku ezingama-105. Iiprotheyini kwi-nafsi-ukuya kwi-24%, ukuvelisa ngobugcisa obuhle bokulima-3.8 kg / 10 sq.m. Batshitshiswa kakhulu yi-askohitosis.
- I-Krasnokutsky 195. Iindidi ezintle, ezilumnandi, ezivuthiweyo ziyabiliswa ngokugqibeleleyo. Imifuno yesityalo iqhutyana, ukulwa nesomiso, iipods ayiyi kutyumba. Ukuveliswa kwee-chickpeas xa ukhula ngokwendlela yonke imimiselo yezolimo-3,5 kg / 10 sq.m.
- Isikhumbuzo. Iibhokhwe zinika iigrafu zombala ophuzi-obomvu wendlela enomdla kakhulu kunye neeprotheni ezingama-27%. Isivuno salolu hlobo luyi-3 kg / 10 sq.m.
- Budzhak. Iziqhamo zaseUkreniya kunye nobhontshisi begebe obukhanyayo, iindawo ezihlambulukileyo zihamba, ixesha lokuvuna liintsuku ezingama-90. Isivuno sithela kwi-1.8 t / ha.
Iifama zeTurkey zokunisela
Ukuba izikhukuphu zihamba kakuhle kwiimeko ezifudumeleyo, ukutyiliswa okongeziweyo kuyadingeka kuphela kwiminyaka eyomileyo. Ukugqitywa okuphezulu kwee-turkey ngamanzi kubangela ingozi, kubangele ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo ezifayo. Utywala oluthola kwiipods lubangele ukuqhwala kwabo. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba ungabi ngamanzi ngaphandle kwesityalo, kodwa ngokuthe ngqo umhlaba, ugweme ukutshiza ngokugqithiseleyo amaconsi emacaleni. Yeka ngokupheleleyo ukuthambisa i-pea yaseTurkey ngexesha lokuvuthwa xa inkqubo yokufa kwemvelo yobuninzi bubunzima.
Ama-peas chickpeas - ukugqoka okuphezulu
Abantu abaninzi banjengee-peas, kodwa abafundi ukufunda indlela yokukhulisa isityalo, bathembela kwi-whims of nature. Ukwesaba ukuchumisa akufanele kubekho, ukuchonga ngokufanelekileyo imfuyo kufana nokwandisa isivuno semveliso yezityalo. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukwenza le mi sebenzi kwintlasi-ntwasahlobo, ukubeka izinto ezincinci (superphosphate) ngqo kumhlaba, okanye ngexesha lokukhula okukhulayo kwe-turkey peas (saltpetre).
Umthamo we-superphosphate kwisityalo esinikeziwe ufikelela kwi-30-40 g nganye kwi-1 sq. M, kungcono ukuyihambisa ekwindla xa utyumba umhlaba. Kwisigaba sokuqala sophuhliso, iifuni zifuna i-nitrogen, elula ukubonelela kwinkqubo yenkcaso ngoncedo lwe-saltpetre. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenziwa xa izihluma zifikelela ukuphakama kwama-5-8 cm ngezinga le-10-15 g kwibhakethi yamanzi. Ukulungiswa kwe-nitragin ngesiseko se-bacleia ye-nodule, eyandisa kakhulu isivuno saso nasiphi na izityalo ezikhanyayo, yafumana ukuhlolwa okufanelekileyo.
Iipasari zaseTurkey zonyamekela
Le nkcubeko yenza iinduli ezide (50-60 cm), kodwa abaqambi amanga emhlabeni kwaye abaphiki njengama-peas. Ingozi enkulu kwi-pea yaseTurkey yokhula elingapheliyo, etshabalaliswa yilelo. Ama-peas aseTurkey akhula kakuhle kuyo yonke imithombo ngaphandle kwe-loamy enzima, i-marshy, kunye nokufumaneka okufutshane kwamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuzama ukubeka imbewu kumaxesha okuqala, xa kusekho umhlaba ugcwele umswakama, okufunekayo ukuhluma okusebenzayo kunye nokuvisisanayo kweembotyi.
Ukubonakala kwezihluma ezikhawulezayo kukhawuleza ukupakisha umhlaba emva kokuhlwayela. Ukuba umhlaba ufihlile i-crust, kwaye amahlumela angakabonakali, ngoko ukhulule ngomhlaba umhlaba. Kunqweneleka ukugcina umhlaba uhlambulukile kunokhula. Ukusebenza kwamagqabi okusebenza okhethiweyo akuyikho, ukutyala, kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo kuqhutyelwa kwiidaka ikakhulukazi ngesandla.
Ukulima kwee-chickpeas - izifo kunye nezinambuzane
Kukho iingxaki ezintathu eziphambili ezilindele umntu ofuna ukukhula i-pea yaseTurkey engadini:
- Ifowuni yekoton - ibhentshi enombala obomvu obomvu, ebeka amaqabunga amaqanda. Kuzo zibonakala ziphanga eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eziluhlaza okwi-yellow up to 50 mm ubude, zidla iiphetshana zeepods kunye neenhlamvu.
- I-fly fly - i-disest, ibeka amaqanda kwiimpembe ze-turkey peas. Izibungu ezibonakalayo zenza amaqabunga emaqabini, ubuninzi obuninzi bezityalo bujika, buya kufa, umvuno wehla.
- I-Ascochitis isifo esichaphazela ama-chickpeas kwimvula. Kubonakala njengamabala aphuzi ajikeleziweyo ngamaqabunga kunye neziqu. Iimbotyi ezigulayo aziyi kukhula, imbewu ilahlekelwa yinto yokubonakala kwayo kunye nokuhluma.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane zisebenzisa iKarate, iZolon, Decis , Actellik , Inta-VIR. Ukongeza kwii-insecticide ezinamandla, i-aktofit ye-biochemical agent. I-Ascohitosis igxininiswa ngokutshiza izityalo kunye nesisombululo se-1% sulfure, kwaye ihlwayelwe iindidi ezinqandekayo. Kucetyiswa ukuba ungakhulisi iifesi zeTurkey kwisayithi enye emva kweminyaka emininzi elandelelanayo, okwenza i-interval of 3-4 years.