Uluntu, ukususela ekuhlaleni kwiplanethi, unomdla kwizinto ezininzi, kodwa kuphela kwi-30 ye-XX yenkulungwane, umntu waba nesithakazelo kwimvelaphi yobuntu bakhe. Ukususela kweli xesha uphando lwenkolelo yobuntu iqala.
Ingcamango yembono yobuntu isethi yeengcamango okanye iingcamango malunga neendlela kunye nophuhliso loluntu. Injongo yabo ephambili ayikho nje inkcazo, kodwa ipropati yokuziphatha kwabantu.
I-psychology ye-personality theory yenza umntu aqonde ubunjani bakhe, unceda ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo engqinelanayo, ehlala ebuza yona. Iingcamango zengqondo ngokubaluleka kwazo zihlukaniswe ngamaxesha amathathu:
- Ukuqulunqwa kokuqala kwe-psychoanalysis.
- Inkcazo ecacileyo yohlalutyo.
- Iingqondo zanamhlanje.
Iingcamango zobuntu zinokubalwa malunga ne-40, ukuba zijongwa kwiqondo lokujonga. Masiqambe igama eliyisiseko lobuntu:
- Ingcamango yokuhlalutya yobuntu. Kufuphi kwimbono ye-psychoanalysis ye-classic, kuba ininzi iyingcambu eziqhelekileyo nayo. Ummeli ocacileyo walo mbono ngumphandi waseSwitzerland uCarl Jung. Ngokwale ndlela, ubuntu luyindawo yoluntu oluzalisekileyo nolwazalwa. Isakhiwo sobuntu yiyo yedwa ubume bolwalamano phakathi kweebhloko ezizimeleyo nezingenangqondo, ezingeniswayo kunye nokukhutshwa komntu.
- Ingqondo ye-Psychodynamic yobuntu. Le ngcamango iyaziwa nangokuthi "i-psychoanalysis ye-classic." Ummeli walo kunye nomsunguli nguSigmund Freud. Kwisakhelo salo mfundiso, umntu uyisisombululo seenjongo ezinobundlobongela kunye zesondo, iindlela zokukhusela. Ngaloo ndlela, isakhiwo sobuntu sisilinganisi esahlukileyo sempahla nganye kunye neendlela zokukhusela.
- Umbono wobuthixo wobuntu. Ummeli nguAbraham Maslow. Abaxhasayo bayo bacinga ukuba ubuntu abuyiyo into ngaphandle kwehlabathi elingaphakathi "lo" lomntu. Kwaye isakhiwo sisilinganiselo sezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye neyona nto "I".
- Ingcamango yolwazi ngobuntu. Ngokwemvelo yayo, isondele kumntu. Umsunguli nguGeorge Kelly. Wayekholelwa ukuba into kuphela umntu afuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni eyenzeka kuye kunye noko kuza kwenzeka kwikamva. Ubuntu yinkqubo yokwakha eyakhe, eyenziwa ngamava abo.
- Imfundiso yombono wobuntu. Esi sikhokelo siye safumana ukusasazwa kuninzi njengeengcamango zasekhaya zobuntu. Ummeli oqaqambile nguSergey Rubinstein. Ubuntu ngumxholo oqaphelayo ohlala kwindawo ethile kuluntu kwaye, ngokwalo, wenza indima ebalulekileyo yoluntu kuluntu. Isakhiwo sobuntu - ulawulo oluphezulu lomntu ngamnye (ukuzithiba, ukugxila) kunye neepropati zomntu ngamnye.
- Indlela yokuziphatha yobuntu. Kwakhona igama elithi "isayensi". Ingqungquthela eyintloko yeli khokelo kukuba ubuntu ngumveliso wokufunda. Okokuthi, umntu uyisethi yenkqubo yezakhono zentlalo kunye nezinto zangaphakathi. Ulwakhiwo - ulawulo oluphezulu lwezakhono zentlalo, apho indima ephambili idlalwe yiibhloko zangaphakathi zokubaluleka kokuzimela.
- Iingcamango zokulahlekelwa ngumntu. Ukususela kwindawo yokujonga le ngcamango, ubuntu bubume bendlela yokuziphatha kunye neendawo ezinomgangatho woluntu. Ulwakhiwo lubukhulu bendawo yezinto eziphilayo ezifaka ubudlelwane obuthile kwaye zenze izici ezithile kunye neentlobo zeempawu.
- Umbono wamanje wobuntu. Ziquka: i-socio-dynamic (imbono yokuziphatha komntu, apho ukuziphatha okuphambili
(ukusebenzisana kwezinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle) kunye neengcamango zezici (imfundiso yobunjani bendalo, esekelwe kwimimandla yabantu ngabanye abantu okanye ukuziphatha kwabo).
Namhlanje kunzima ukusho ngokungathandekiyo ukuba yiyiphi inkolelo inyaniso. Ngamanye azinzuzo kunye nokungahambi. Eyona nto ngoku ingumxholo we-modernistist wezengqondo waseNtaliyane uAntonio Meneghetti, owenza izigqibo malunga nomxholo wobuntu ngokusekelwe kwimiba ebhalwe ngaphambili kwesi sihloko.