Umsebenzi odumile we-classic we-FM Dostoevsky "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokusola" yimbali yomfundi oye wagqiba kwelophulo-mthetho olubi. Kwimveli, umbhali uthinta iingxaki ezininzi zentlalo, yengqondo kunye nefilosofi ezichaphazela uluntu lwangoku. Imfundiso kaRaskolnikov ibonakaliswe iminyaka emininzi.
Iyini inkolelo kaRaskolnikov?
I-protagonist, ngenxa yeengcamango ezide, yafika kwisigqibo sokuba abantu bahlulwe ngamaqela amabini. Abokuqala ngabantu abangenza nantoni na ayifunayo ngaphandle kokunyamekela umyalelo. Kwiqela lesibini, wabandakanya abantu abangenamalungelo, obomi babo banganakwa. Le nto ingundoqo yombono kaRaskolnikov, ochaphazelekayo kuluntu lwangoku. Abantu abaninzi banokuzibona bephakamileyo kwabanye, bephula imithetho kwaye benze nantoni na. Kulo mzekelo, unako ukuzisa izikhulu.
Ekuqaleni, umgcini-msebenzi womsebenzi wayeziqonda iincwadana zakhe, kodwa xa wayecinga ngako, ngokuqinisekileyo ukucinga kwabonakala ngathi. Ngenxa yoko, wahlula bonke abantu abakujikelezile ukuba babe ngamaqela kwaye bavandlakanywe kuphela ngokwemigaqo yakhe. Iingcali zengqondo ziye zatshengisa ukuba umntu unokuzikholisa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, ecinga ngazo rhoqo. Inkolelo kaRaskolnikov ibonakaliso lobuntu obukhulu.
Izizathu zokudala imfundiso kaRaskolnikov
Abayithandi kuphela iincwadi, kodwa kunye neengcali kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo, bafunda ngokucophelela umsebenzi kaDostoevsky ukuze baqaphele imvelaphi yentlalo nefilosofi yeengcamango zikaRaskolnikov.
- Kwizizathu zokuziphatha ezenza ukuba iqhawe lenze ulwaphulo-mthetho, omnye unokubandakanya umnqweno wokuqonda ukuba uluphi uhlobo lwabantu abalubo kunye neentlungu ezihlwempu.
- Kukho ezinye izizathu zokuvela kweengcamango zikaRaskolnikov: ubuhlwempu obukhulu, umgaqo wobomi bokungabi nabulungisa kunye nokulahleka kweendawo ezizimeleyo.
URaskolnikov wafika njani kwiingcamango zakhe?
Umdlali oyintloko kulo lonke uvelwano uzama ukuqonda oko kwabangela isenzo esibi. Umbono wobuntu obunamandla uRaskolnikov uqinisekisa ukuba ukuze abantu abaninzi baphile ngokuzonwabisa, incinci kufuneka ibhujiswe. Ngenxa yokubonakalisa ixesha elide kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweemeko ezahlukileyo, uRoonon wafika kwisigqibo sokuba ungowesigaba esiphezulu sabantu. Abathandayo uncwadi banikezela izizathu ezininzi ezenza ukuba enze ulwaphulo-mthetho:
- impembelelo yendalo kunye nabantu;
- umnqweno wokuba mkhulu;
- umnqweno wokufumana imali;
- ndingamthandi umfazi omdala onobungozi kwaye ongenamsebenzi;
- umnqweno wokuvavanya inkolelo yakho.
Iyiphi inkolelo kaRaskolnikov eya kubantu abahlelelekileyo?
Umbhali woLwaphulo-mthetho noKwazisa wayefuna encwadini yakhe ukubonisa intlungu kunye nentlungu kubo bonke abantu. Phantse wonke iphepha leveli libonisa ubumpofu, uluntu kunye nokuqina kwabantu. Enyanisweni, inoveli, eyapapashwa ngo-1866, ifana kakhulu nomphakathi wanamhlanje, obonakala ngokugqithiseleyo ukungabandakanyeli kummelwane. Ingcamango kaRoonon Raskolnikov iqinisekisa ukuba kukho abantu abahlelelekileyo abangenalo ithuba lokuphila ubomi obuhle, kwaye kuthiwa "iinkokeli zobomi" ngekhredithi enkulu.
Yintoni ephikisana ngayo nenkolelo kaRaskolnikov?
Umfanekiso weconagonist uqulethe ukungahambelani okungafunyanwa kuwo wonke umsebenzi. URaskolnikov ngumntu onobubele ongeyena uhlanga lwabanye, kwaye ufuna ukubanceda abo banesidingo, kodwa uRdion uyaqonda ukuba akakwazi ukutshintsha iindlela zobomi. Nangona kunjalo, unikeza inkcazo ephikisana ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo yokuphila .
Ukufumanisa ukuba impazamo yenkolelo kaRaskolnikov yinto yegorha ngokwayo, kuyafaneleka ukuphawula ukuba wayekulindele ukuba uza kunceda ukuphulukana nokufa kwaye aqale ukuhlala ngendlela entsha. Kule meko, iqhawe lifezekisile ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye liwela kwimeko engathembekanga. URdion wayebathanda abantu, kodwa emva kokubulawa komfazi omdala, akakwazi ukuba nabo, oku kusebenza kumama. Zonke ezi mpikiswano zibonisa ukungapheleli kweengcamango eziphambili.
Iyintoni ingozi yombono kaRaskolnikov?
Ukuba sicinga ukuba ingcamango ephakanyiswe nguDostoevsky ngokusebenzisa iingcamango ze-protagonist iye yaba yinto enkulu, isiphumo somntu kunye nehlabathi liphela lixhala kakhulu. Ingongoma kaRaskolnikov yinto yokuba abantu abagqwesileyo kwezinye iimpawu, umzekelo, amathuba emali, "unokucima" indlela yabo ngokwabo, benze konke abakufunayo, kuquka nokubulala. Ukuba abantu abaninzi behlala kulo mgaqo, ihlabathi liza kuphelisa ukuba likho, kungekudala okanye kamva, abo bathiwa "abakhuphiswano" baya kutshabalalana.
Kulo lonke uvelwano, uRoonon ufumana iintlungu zokuziphatha, ezithatha iifom ezahlukeneyo. Inkolelo kaRaskolnikov iyingozi kuba iqhawe lizama ngazo zonke iindlela ukuze ziqinisekise ukuba isenzo sakhe sasilungile, kuba wayefuna ukunceda intsapho yakhe, kodwa yena ngokwakhe akafuni nto. Inani elikhulu labantu benza ubundlobongela, becinga ngolu hlobo, oko akuthethi isigqibo sabo.
Iintlobo kunye neengxaki zeengcamango zikaRaskolnikov
Ekuqaleni, kunokubonakala ngathi akukho macala achukumisayo kwimbono yokwahlula uluntu, kodwa ukuba yonke imiphumo emibi ilahliwe, kusekho-umnqweno womntu onoyolo. Imfundiso kaRaskolnikov yelungelo lobuntu obuqinileyo ibonisa ukuba abaninzi bazama ukuphila okungcono kwaye bayinjini yenkqubela phambili. Ngokubhekiselele kwiimigodi, zininzi zazo, kwaye zibalulekile kubantu ababelana ngeembono ze-protagonist yenveli.
- Umnqweno wokwahlula zonke kwiiklasi ezimbini, ezinokuba nemiphumo emibi, umzekelo, ukubonakalisa okunjalo kufana neNazism. Bonke abantu bahluke, kodwa balingana phambi koThixo, ngoko umnqweno wokuba uphakamileyo kunokuba abanye bangalunganga.
- Enye ingozi yokuba inkolelo kaRaskolnikov izisa ehlabathini kukusetyenziswa kwanoma iyiphi indlela ebomini. Ngelishwa, abantu abaninzi kwihlabathi lanamhlanje baphila ngomgaqo othi "isiphelo sikhombise iindlela", ezikhokelela kwimiphumo emibi.
Yintoni eyathintela uRaskolnikov ukuba aphile ngokuvumelana neengcamango zakhe?
Ingxaki yonke ibangelwa ukuba ukudala entloko yakhe "umfanekiso ococekileyo" uRoon akazange aqwalasele iimpawu zobomi bokwenene. Awukwazi ukwenza ngcono umhlaba ngokubulala omnye umntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngubani. Ingqiqo yeengcamango zikaRaskolnikov iyaqondakala, kodwa ayizange ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba lo mfazi omdala wayengumnxibelelwano wokuqala kwintlupheko yokungabi nabulungisa kwaye, ukususa, akunakwenzeka ukujamelana neengxaki zonke zehlabathi. Abantu abazama ukufaka imali kwiintlungu zabanye abafanelekanga ukubiza ingcambu yengxaki, kuba kuphela umphumo.
Iimpawu eziqinisekisa imfundiso kaRaskolnikov
Ehlabathini, ungayifumana ininzi imimiselo apho imbono ephakanyiswe ngu-protagonist wenveli. Uyakhumbula uStalin noHitler, ababezama ukuhlambulula abantu abangafanelekiyo, kunye nantoni na eyenziwa ngabantu. Ukuqinisekiswa kwengcamango kaRaskolnikov kubonakala kwindlela yokuziphatha kolutsha olucebileyo, okubizwa ngokuba "ngamagosa", abangayithobeli ingqalelo kwimithetho, bachithe ubomi babantu abaninzi. Leli gama lifanayo, ukuze liqinisekise ingcamango yakhe, yenza ukubulala, kodwa ekugqibeleni uyayiqonda into ebalulekileyo yento.
Umbono kaRaskolnikov kunye nokuwa kwawo
Umsebenzi awubonakali nje kuphela, kodwa uphikisa ngokupheleleyo ingcamango engaqhelekanga. Ukutshintsha isigqibo sakhe, uRoon kufuneka akhuthazelele iintlungu ezininzi ezingqondweni nangokomzimba. Ingcamango kaRaskolnikov kunye nokuwa kwayo kuyenzeka emva kokuba ebone iphupha, apho abantu bayonakalisa kunye kunye nehlabathi liphela. Emva koko uqala ukubuyisela ngokuthe ngcembe ukholo ngokulungileyo. Ekugqibeleni, uyaqonda ukuba wonke umntu, nokuba kungakhathaliseki imeko, ufanele uvuyiswe.
Xa uchaza indlela inkolelo kaRaskolnikov ephikisiwe ngayo, kubalulekile ukuchaza inyaniso enye: injabulo ayikwazi ukwakhelwa kulwaphulo-mthetho. Ubundlobongela, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba ulungelelanise nayo nayiphi na into ephakamileyo, kubi. Iqhawe ngokwakhe livuma ukuba akabulali umfazi omdala, kodwa wazitshabalalisa. Ukuwa kweengcamango zikaRaskolnikov kwabonakala nakubokuqala kwesiphakamiso sakhe, kuba bekungeke kwenzeke ukuba kulungele ukubonakaliswa kobuthixo.
Ngaba inkolelo kaRaskolnikov iphila namhlanje?
Nangona kunjalo lusizi lungava, ingcamango yokuhlukanisa abantu kwiiklasi zikhoyo. Ubomi bwanamhlanje bunzima yaye umgaqo "osinda kunamandla" unyanzela abaninzi ukuba benze izenzo ezingahambisani nokuziphatha . Ukuba uqhuba uphando, ngubani ohlala namhlanje ngokwemfundiso kaRaskolnikov, ngoko umntu ngamnye, mhlawumbi, unokukhokelela kumzekelo wabantu abathile bendalo. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zeli meko yimiba kubaluleka kwemali elawula ihlabathi.