Ukugula kwe-Serum yimeko yomzimba, yenye yeendlela zokuphendula. Ivela kwabanye abantu emva kokungeniswa komzimba ngesigxina (ngokuchanekileyo) uhlobo oluthile lweziyobisi - i-immune policy yezilwanyana ezivela kuyo - ngenjongo yokuphulukisa okanye yeprophylactic.
Izizathu zesifo se-serum
Ngokuqhelekileyo isifo se-serum siphumelele xa kuthengiswa i-heterologous policy. Ezi zilungiselelo zezinto eziphilayo ezifunyenwe kwigazi lezilwanyana ezigonywe ngenye uhlobo lwe-antigens, kwaye ziqulethe eziveliswayo ezifanayo ezihambelana nalezi antigens. Izidakamizwa ezifanayo zisetyenziselwa ukulwa nezifo ezinobungozi neziyingozi: i-tetanus, i-botulism, i-diphtheria, i-greyrene, i-encephalitis, i-leptospirosis, i-anthrax, njl. Njalo isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kweenyoka ezinobuthi.
Okungaqhelekanga, impendulo iyancatshiswa ngegazi okanye i-plasma transfusion, i-insulin kunye ne-extracts, i-antibiotics (i-penicillin, i-streptomycin, i-sulfanilamides, i-cephalosporins, njl njl.) Kunye nezilwanyana (ikakhulukazi i-Hymenoptera). Umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana ukwandisa ukuba kukho ukuphendula kwangaphambili ekuqalisweni kweziyobisi ze-serum, kwaye ukuba kukho ukunyuka kwengqondo kwiiprotermal zezilwanyana. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-serum kubangelwa ngokugqithisileyo ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba kubekho ngeengculaza.
Isifo seSerum yindlela yokuphuhliswa
Ekubeni ukugula kwe-serum kuyindlela yokuphikisa, iindlela zokuzivikela zibandakanyeka ekuphuhlisweni kwayo. Xa izidakamizwa kunye neeprotheyini zangaphandle ziqaliswa, izixhobo eziza kuthatha inxaxheba ekuvelweni kwama-immune complexes ziveliswa. Ukujikelezwa kwexesha elide emzimbeni, ezi zintlupheko zifakwe kwiindonga ze-capillaries zamathambo ahlukeneyo (i-lymph nodes, isikhumba, izintso, intliziyo, njl.), Kubangela ukuveliswa nokunyuka kwezinto zokukhusela-i-leukocytes, i-histamine, i-serotonin, njl. izicubu.
Isifo seSerum - iimpawu
Ngethuba lokuhamba, ukugula okunzima kwe-serum, ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokude. Ukuba i-serum isungulwa okokuqala, i-pathology ikhula malunga nomhla we sixhenxe, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ixesha lokuxubusha liqhubeka ixesha elide kwiintsuku ezili-12 ukuya kwe-20. Kwiimeko apho ukulungiswa kwamaprotheni kusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, isigaba esisigxina sesifo sincitshiswa kwiintsuku ezili-1-6. Esi sifo sinokuvela kwiifom ezinobunzima, ezicwangcisiweyo kunye ezibi.
Ubume bokubonakaliswa kwezilwanyana kuku:
- kubomvu kwesikhumba;
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba, okokuqala kuvela kwisiza sokungena kunye nokusabalalisa kuwo wonke umzimba (ukubonakala okufana ne- urticaria , ukungapheli komfutho obomvu, ubunzima obuncinane);
- itchki yesikhumba yobunzima obuhlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ihambelana nobukhulu besifo;
- umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane;
- buthathaka;
- intloko;
- i-lymph nodes;
- intlungu;
- intlungu ephakathi kwamalungu;
- intlungu esiswini kunye neentso;
- ukungcola;
- ubuqhophololo (ingakumbi kwisiza sokungenwa kwegazi, kwiinkophezelo, emilonyeni, kwimida);
- ntliziyo;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi;
- zixhala .
Isifo seSerum - ukuxilongwa
Ukuseka ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo "kwesifo se-serum", ukuxilongwa ngokungafaniyo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuqokelela i-anamnesis (eyandulela ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana), izifundo zebhubhoratri kunye neengcali zakhe ezithembisa iziphumo ezinokwethenjelwa. Ngokwemiqondiso, isifo singafana ne-periarteritis, i-rheumatic fever, i-measles, i-red fever kunye nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezivela kuyo ukugula kwesifo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwenziwa i-ultrasound kunye ne-radiology.
Iinkcukacha ezilandelayo zophando ezixhasa ukuxilongwa ziqwalaselwe ngqalelo:
- ukunciphisa okanye ukwandisa kwinani lecytocytes;
- eosinophilia ;
- ukwanda kwinqanaba lokutywiliswa kwe-erythrocyte;
- ukwanda kwimixholo ye-cryoglobulins egazini;
- ubukho beeprotheni kunye ne-erythrocyte emcini;
- ubukho beeseli ze-plasma kwi-smear yegazi;
- ukuvuvukala kweempahla, ezibonakalayo kwi-biopsy yolusu, njl.
Isifo seSerum - unyango
Xa kuqinisekiswa ukuxilongwa "kwesifo se-serum", iimpawu kunye nonyango zixhunyaniswe ngokungenakulinganiswa: kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokubonakalisa kunye nobuqili beenkqubo, unyango lwenkqubo luyalelwe. Izigulane ezinezifo ezincinci, ngaphandle koxinzelelo, zinokuphathwa kunyango. Izibhedlele ziyimfuneko kwiimeko ezinzima, phambi kwesohlwayo senhliziyo kunye nenkqubo yesantya, ubukho be-pathologies obuhamba phambili, ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo, ubuntana kunye nokuguga.
Isifo seSerum siyingozi
Ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-anaphylactic kwenzeka, ukugula kwe-serum kuxhomekeke kunyango oluphuthumayo, ngenxa yokuba isongelo ebomini idalwe. Kule meko, umfanekiso wekliniki ubonakaliswa yinkqubo enobudlova, inzima kakhulu: kukho ubuthakathaka obubukhali, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukunyuka okunamandla kwingcinezelo yegazi, ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo. Kuyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza ukubiza i-ambulensi okanye ukuhambisa isigulane kwiziko lempilo elisondeleyo, apho uya kujova nge-adrenaline. Ngaphambi kokufika kwamagqirha, kufuneka:
- Beka isigulane kwindawo ephepheni, uphakamise imilenze kwaye uphendule intloko.
- Ukubonelela ngomoya omtsha.
- Faka isicelo se-tourniquet ngasentla kwisayithi engenayo kwaye usetyenzise ubanda kule ndawo.
- Xa kungabikho ukuphefumula kunye ne-pulse, ukuqhuba ukusila kwe-cardiac engathanga ngqo, ukuphefumla okwenziweyo.
Isifo seSerum - iingcebiso zekliniki
Kwiimeko ezibuhlungu, isifo se-serum sidlula ngokwaso iintsuku eziliqela, nangona kungekho unyango. Ukuphucula imeko kunye nokuphulukana ngokukhawuleza, amaqela alandelayo asebenzisa iziyobisi ayalelwe:
- izidakamizwa zengingqi ye-antipruritic (umzekelo, ngokusekelwe kwi-menthol);
- i-antihistamines (i-Suprastin, iTavegil, i-Dimedrol);
- amalungiselelo e-calcium;
- iziyobisi ukuqinisa iindonga ze-vascular (Ascorutin).
Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukongeza koku ngasentla, ukugula kwezigulana zentsholongwane zonyango kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- i-corticosteroids (iPrednisolone, Hydrocortisone
- iziyobisi ezingekho-steroidal ezichasayo (Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen, Analgin);
- i-diuretics (iLasix, iFurosemide), njl
Isifo seSerum - iingxaki
I-Syndrome yesifo se-serum, ngaphezu kwe-anaphylaxis, inokuba nzima nakwezinye izifo ezidla ngokuhlala zingekho ixesha elide leyeza. Sichaza iingxaki ezinokwenzeka:
- neuritis;
- myocarditis;
- synovitis;
- ukusabalalisa ukubandakanyeka kwezicubu ezinxibelelwano;
- glomerulonephritis;
- i hepatitis;
- i-necrosis yesikhumba kunye nezicubu ezingaphantsi kwinqanaba le-injection.
Isifo seSerum - ukuthintela
Amanyathelo asemgangathweni ngokubhekiselele ekuthintekeni kokugula kwe-serum yile:
- ukusetyenziswa kwamalungiselelo ngeqondo eliphezulu lokuhlanjululwa;
- ukuqaliswa kwe-policy yemvelaphi yezilwanyana ngokubhekiselele kwizibonakaliso eziqinileyo, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba zithathe indawo ye-gamma globulin yabantu;
- ukugcinwa kwenkathalo ekhethekileyo xa kufakwa i-serum kubantu abaye bafumana iimpendulo zokugula;
- Ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zesikhumba phambi kweejoza;
- ukuqaliswa kwe-sera ehlanjululwayo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso ezithile ze-injection.