Ngaphantsi kweso sikhundla njengento ehamba phambili yeenqanawa zentliziyo, kwi-cardiology iyamkelwa ukuqonda i-prosthetics yeerridiy cardiac. Imfuno yolu ngenelelo olusakhulayo luvela ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Makhe sihlolisise inkqubo ngeenkcukacha eziphangaleleyo, ukuzitshintsha ngokwaso, siza kuthiwa ubungqina kuyo, sibhala phantsi ukuphulwa komsebenzi ongeyenziwa.
Izibonakaliso zokunyuka kweempahla zentliziyo
I-stent ngokwayo yinto enokwakheka kwesinyithi. Ngenisa kwiinqanawa ezinobungakanani obungahambelani nesiqhelo esifanelekileyo. Isizathu sokunciphisa kwabo ngamacwecwe (ukuqokelela kweeseli zesithambo ezinama-adipose ezixhomekeke eludongeni lwangaphakathi lomthamo). Njengoko beyanda, ukujikeleza kwegazi kwimithambo ye-cardiac kuyingozi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuxinwa kwe-oksijeni kunye nezondlo ezinika umzimba kuncipha, okukhokelela kwi-angina pectoris. Izibonakaliso ezikhawulezayo zokuqeshwa kwamanyathelo okungenelela:
- Ukufa kwintliziyo ye-muscle - i-myocardial infarction, i-stenting yeenqwelo zentliziyo eyanciphisa imiphumo yesifo, ukubuyisela igazi kwiinkalo ezonakalisiweyo zelungu.
- Ingina engaqinisekanga . Ngenxa yokuphulwa okunjalo kokusebenza, loo matyala xa kukho i-hemodynamic (ukwephulwa kwegazi) kunye nokungazinzi kombane (ukwephulwa kwemvumelwano ye-fibers muscle) baya kutyunjwa.
- Ischemic heart disease . Ngesi sifo, ukusetyenziswa kweenqwelo zentliziyo kulungiswa kunye nokubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi okuchanekileyo.
Ukugxotha kweenqwelo zentliziyo - ukuchasene
Ukungqiniswanga okungaqhelekanga ukuze kuqhube intliziyo ephazamisayo, ayikho. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokuhlinzwa, ugqirha uqhuba uviwo olubanzi, unquma ukuba khona kweenkqubo ezingapheliyo emzimbeni. Kule meko, ukungenelela ngophengiyo akuzami ukuphumeza:
- ukuhluleka komlomo;
- ukuphuma kwamanzi;
- rhu lumente;
- suleleka;
- ukunyanzeliswa komngcipheko wegazi;
- impendulo ye-anaphylactic ekulawuleni umgangatho ophakathi;
- ukuphulwa kweenkqubo zokucima igazi.
Ukunyamezela komzimba kwenzeka njani?
Ngokwalo, usebenzo "olutyebileyo" lubhekiselele ekungeneni kweminye. Abagqirha abenzi izigqibo ezibanzi. Ukufikeleleka ngenye yemibhobho emikhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha basebenzisa umthambo wesifazane kwi-groin kule nto. Kwindawo ejoliswe kuyo, kukhishwa i-puncture, apho i-tube ekhethekileyo ifakwe kuyo, uhlobo oluthile lokuhambisa ezinye izixhobo. Bayibiza ngokuba ngumethuli. Ikhokelela kwikhethri ekhethekileyo ende, eziswa ngqo kwindawo ewonakalisiweyo.
Kakade kwi-catheter ukuya kwindawo efunekayo, i-stent i ngeniswa, ejikeleza ibhaluni ephosiweyo kwifom ehluthwe. Emva kokuba ugqirha eqinisekile ukuba unako inxalenye echanekileyo, ulwahlulo olufakwe kuyo, olubonakala ngokucacileyo kwi-X-ray zixhobo. Ngenxa yoko, i-stent ihanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo kummandla wecala lokukhupha. Ngaphantsi kwengcinezelo, iphoqelelwa kwiindonga zomthi, apho ehlala khona ubomi. Kukho utshintsho kwi-lumen, ebuyisela ngokupheleleyo i-hemodynamics, ngokuthe ngcembe ukunciphisa umthwalo kwi-heart muscle. Ukubetha kweenqwelo zentliziyo zenziwa. Izigulane ziziva ziphucula impilo, ukuhlaselwa kancinci.
Ubuhlungu emva kokugubha
Emva kokuba i-coronary stenting yeenqwelo zentliziyo zenziwa, isigulane sihlala esibhedlele ixesha elithile. Izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-3-5 zingabhalwa i-malovyrazhennye, ukuvakalelwa okungahambi kakuhle kwindawo yokuhamba. Oogqirha banqanda ukunyakaza kwesigulane, ukucacisa ukuphumla kombhede, ukumisa ukuphulukiswa kwegazi ukusuka kwipetroli ekhishwe. Phantse iveki emva kokusondeza kweenqwelo zeentliziyo ngexesha lokusweleka, bavunyelwe ukuba bashiye iklinikhi.
Iingxaki emva kokugxotha kweempahla zentliziyo
Ngemfundo ephakamileyo yonyango, ekubeni neminyaka emininzi yamava, imiphumo emibi yokuhlinzwa iyancitshiswa. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko emva kokumiswa komzimba kungagqitywa:
- ukucinywa kwe-artery ejongene nokungenelela okutyathwayo;
- ukuphulwa kobungqina besikhephe ngexesha leenkqubo;
- ukwakheka kwe-hematoma kwisayithi yokuhamba;
- uphuhliso lwegazi;
- isenzo esichaphazelekayo ngokuchaseneyo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho izimo ezinzima kunye nokuphazamiseka, phambi kobukhulu bokuba ubunzima benkathazo buyanda. Ezi zi:
- isifo sesifo;
- isifo sikashukela;
- ukuphazanyiswa kwenkqubo yokuguqula igazi.
Iziyobisi emva kokugquma kweempahla zentliziyo
Ekuqaleni, kufuneka kuthiwa onke ama-aphoyintimenti ayenziwa kuphela ngugqirha, obonisa izilwanyana, ubude, umlinganiselo kunye nobude bokusetyenziswa kwayo. Kule meko, ibhinqa kufuneka lilandele ngqo. Amayeza emva kokugquma kweempahla zentliziyo zichazwe ngale ndlela:
- Xa usebenzisa i-stent elula kwisinyithi ubuncinane inyanga enye, thabatha uApirin Cardio no-Plavix. Amachiza afaka isandla ekunyameni kwegazi, kungabandakanywa ukwakheka kwe-thrombi. Umlinganiselo ukhethwa oogqirha. Ngokuqhelekileyo umisela i-300 mg ye-Aspirin ngosuku kunye no-75 mg we-Plavix.
- Ukuba i-stent ye-drug-eluting yasetyenziswa, iTicagrelor inokumiselwa esikhundleni se-Plavix, 90 mg kabini ngosuku.
Ukugxotha intliziyo - bangaphi abahlala emva kokusebenza?
Ingqwalasela ephambili yenzalo kwizigulane ezithatyathwe ngongenelelo olunxulumene nelokuba zinjani ukuba zihlala phi emva kokugquma. Oogqirha bayaqaphela ukuba le nkqubo ngokwayo iyasebenza kwi-80% yamatyala. Kwezinye iimeko, inkqubo echaziweyo iyaqatshelwa, xa isitya esisebenzayo siphinda siphepha ngexesha. Ngokuphuhliswa kwee-stents ezintsha, le nto ayiqhelekanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane ngokwazo ziyabona ukuba ubomi emva kokugqithisa izitya ze-coronary zentliziyo ziba bhetele: ukhathazeka, ukutshatyalaliswa kwanyamalala. Ngokumalunga nobude balo, oogqirha bayaqaphela ukuba ulo hlobo luqhuba unyaka we-10.
Ubomi emva kokugquma kweempahla zentliziyo
Izigulane ezininzi ziyabona ukuba ubomi emva kokugquma kukuphucula kancane kancane. Iyanciphisa ukukhathala, - umzimba, isistim se-cardiovascular system, iqhubana kakuhle nemithwalo, i-oksijini enegazi ihanjiswa kwivolumu efunekayo kwizitho kunye nezicubu. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuba sicinge ukuba izigulane ezithintekayo kwiinqanawa zentliziyo, ziphoqelelwe ukuba zigcine irejimenti ethile, ukutya, ngokukodwa okokuqala. Ulwaphulo olubuyiselwayo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvuselela, ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo.
Ukubuyiselwa emva kokugquma
Kwithuba leveki emva kokugqithisa kweemithyolo ze-coronary, isigulane sinomsebenzi wokusebenza. Ukongezelela, iibhafu zichazwe, - kuphela isitya kufuneka sivunyelwe ukuthatha. Phantse iinyanga ezimbini oogqirha batusa ukuba bangaqhubi imoto. Amaxesha asalayo achaza ngokuthe ngqo ukugcinwa kwesondlo esifanelekileyo, ukukhutshwa ekudleni kwamanqatha, ukutya okuthosiweyo, ukutya okunotye kwi-cholesterol.
Ukutya emva kokugquma
I-coronary stenting ekhunjulwayo, oogqirha bancomela ukuba bajonge ukutya kwansuku zonke. Kubaqalayo, amanqaku amafutha enyama, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, i-sausages ayifaki ngokupheleleyo. Kule meko, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba banciphise ibhotela, iimveliso zobisi. Umxholo we-carbohydrates ekudleni kufuneka ugcinwe ubuncinci. Inqatshelwe:
- i-confectionery;
- isonka esimhlophe;
- iziphuzo ezinomsoco.
Isiseko sifanele sibe ziqhamo ezitsha, iimveliso eziqukethe iifuno zemifuno, ivenkile zaselwandle. Kananjalo, oogqirha bacebisa ukunyusa umxholo weemveliso ezikhusela i-atherosclerosis:
- elwandle;
- yonke ingqolowa;
- isonka esimnyama kunye nombindi;
- amantonga;
- inyama yenkukhu.
Ukuxinzezeleka komzimba emva kokugquma kweempahla zentliziyo
Umthamo wemithwalo emva kokugqithiswa kweempahla zonyango kubalwa ngabanye. Isigulane ngokupheleleyo siyavumelana neziphakamiso ezifunyenweyo kunye nemiyalelo yesigqirha. Kule meko, ukuqeqesha okulawulwayo nokungalawulwayo kwenziwa (kwenziwa ekhaya). Ngexesha leeklasi kwiziko lezonyango, oogqirha baqhubeka bebeka ingqalelo kwiimpawu zengqondo kunye nokunyanzeliswa komzimba. Ukugquma kweempahla zentliziyo kwizigulane kunikezelwa ubuncinci kwiiseshoni ezi-4-5 zesenzo somzimba ngesonto.
Ukungabikho kwezixazululo, izikhalazo zinokumiselwa i-LFK, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza (6-8 km ngosuku). Ukuba kukho iimeko kunye namathuba okutyelela amaziko ezemidlalo, oogqirha banconywa ukuba bafumane ngokukhawuleza:
- kubhukuda;
- ekhwele ibhayisekile;
- ukugijima.
Ngokubhekiselele kwixesha eliphambili lokusebenza emva kokusondeza kweenqwelo zentliziyo, ezithatha iinyanga ezi-1-1.5, oogqirha bancomela ukuphelisa ukunyanzelisa umzimba. Musa ukuvumela ukuphakamisa izinto ezinzima, ubunzima beekhilo ezili-15 okanye ngaphezulu, ukubandakanya ukulwa kwamandla. Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza ukunyameka kokusebenza ngokomzimba, izigulane ziya kuba nakho ukubuyela kwimisebenzi yazo yangaphambili, ziya kuba nzima ukunyamezela umzimba.