Igama elithi "unyango lobugcisa" liguqulelwa kwisiLatini ngokuthi "unyango lobugcisa". Le ngingqi yengqondo yengqondo ingancinci, kodwa ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yempembelelo eyenziwa ngexesha lotyando. Unentlobo ezininzi kunye neepasspecies, ezivulela amathuba amaninzi okuphelisa iingxaki zeengqondo .
Ziyintoni unyango lobugcisa?
Ekuqaleni, kwakukho unyango lomfanekiso, oko kukuthi, unyango lwezobugcisa obuhle, kodwa kamva kubonakala nezinye iindlela zokudala - ukucula, ukudansa, ukwenza izinto, ukumisela, kunye nabanye, okunceda umntu angagcini nje aze aphazamise imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, kodwa abuye aqonde ngakumbi , ngaphakathi "I" ngaphakathi, ngaloo ndlela ukulahla ubunzima bayo kunye nokuphikisana, ukuphucula isimo sengqondo, ukuvumelanisa isimo sengqondo. Ulwaphulo lwezobugcisa aluba nemiphumo engathandekiyo kwaye alubanga ukunganyangeki kumntu, kuba kule meko inkqubo ngokwayo ibalulekile, kungekhona umphumo.
Yintoni yokwenza unyango kwizengqondo?
Le ngcamango yaqaliswa ngugqirha waseBrithani kunye nomculi u-Adrian Hill, owayesebenza nezigulane ze-TB kwaye wabona ukuba ukudweba kubancedisa ukulwa nesifo. Ulwaphulo lobugcisa kwizengqondo lusetyenziswe ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini ngokubhekiselele kubantwana abakhululwe kwiinkampu zoxinzelelo. Namhlanje iqhutyelwa ngolu hlobo lomsebenzi ngamnye kunye neqela. Ulwaphulo lwezobugcisa lunokwenziwa, nangaphandle kokushiya ekhaya, ukuthenga umbala-mbonisi, owenziwe nguJoanna Busford.
Iinjongo zonyango lobugcisa
Ukugqithisa uqeqesho lwezobugcisa, umthengi uyaziqonda ulwazi, ukuzibonakalisa nokuzihlalutya, okuvumela ukuvumelanisa isimo sakhe sengqondo . Ulwaphulo lobuchule lujolise ekuphuculeni imvelaphi yengqondo kunye nemvakalelo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukuphelisa ukwesaba kunye ne-phobias, ukugonywa, ukuxhalaba, ukunganakwa, ukuxinezeleka, ukuphucula ubukhulu kunye nomoya.
Ukongezelela ukuvumelanisa isimo sengqondo se-psychologist kunye nemigangatho yonyango lobugcisa, le mi sebenzi ilandelwa:
- Ukubonakalisa ubunamandla bokudala bomntu, iitalente kunye nobuchule bakhe.
- Ukukhawuleza ukubuyiswa kwezifo ezininzi.
- Ukuseka uqhagamshelwano phakathi kweengcali kunye nomxhasi, ukuseka ubudlelwane obuthembayo phakathi kwabo.
- Nceda isigulane sigxile kumava angaphakathi kwaye ufunde ukulawula iimvakalelo zabo.
- Ncedisa umntu ukuba alungelelanise noluntu.
- Nika amandla ekubonakaliseni iimvakalelo zabo kunye neengcamango ezingenakukwazi okanye ezingathandi ukubonisa ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
Ziziphi iingenelo zobugcisa bonyango?
Ubuchopho bezobugcisa buchaphazela ingqondo ngobunono, ngokungaqinisekanga, kuba inkqubo yonyango ngokwayo ifana nokuzilibazisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo isigulane sisesimo esixinzezelekileyo kwaye kunzima ukuseka ukuthetha, kwaye amathuba enyango lwenza ukuba umntu akwazi ukuchaza "I" ngokubugcisa obubonakalayo. Indlela yolo hlobo lonyango lusekelwe kumgaqo wokuba umxholo wesigulane sangaphakathi "isigxina" sangaphakathi sibonakaliswa kwimifanekiso ebonakalayo ngexesha eliza kutyhila, idonsa, ukudansa okanye ukucula, okubangele ukuvumelanisa imeko ye-psyche.
Ukunyangwa okunjalo akubangeli ukuba umxhasi alahle okanye alahle, oko kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abakwiimeko zokuxinezeleka. Kuhlala kuqhutywa ngokuzithandela kwaye kukhuselekile. Kwinkqubo yokwenza amava angaphakathi ngaphakathi kwendalo yakhe, umntu akaqapheli ukuba bayazi ngaphandle. Ukuba sicinga inkqubo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ngayo i-psychoanalysis, ngoko ke indlela eyona nto iphambili yincinci. Ngeemifanekiso ezibonakalayo zobugcisa kunye nezinto, ukungakwazi ukuthetha kunye nokuqonda, kwaye umgulisi unceda isigulane siqonde oko "into engaziyo" efuna ukumxelela.
Iintlobo zobugcisa bezobugcisa
Le nqubo yenzalo ebandayo, eyenza imfuneko yokunyusa imida yayo kunye nokuvela kwazo zonke izixhobo "ezintsha" zobugcisa bezobugcisa. Izindlela zobugcisa zobugcisa ziquka:
- i-isoterapy - upende kunye nokudweba;
- umbala wonyango - umntu ukhangele ukukhanya kwezikali ezahlukeneyo zombala;
- unyango lomculo, oluqulethwe ekuphulaphuleni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo;
- isetyatheni - ukutsalwa ngesanti;
- ividiyo yokwelapha - kuthetha ukujonga ividiyo apho iqhawe libonisa ingxaki efanayo;
- umdlalo wonyango - kwinkqubo yomdlalo imisebenzi yengqondo efunekayo;
- i-bibliotherapy - le ndlela isebenzisa iincwadi zonyango;
- skazkoterapiyu - ukubunjwa kweenganekwane, ukuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi esele ikhona;
- I-Maskoterapiju - umfanekiso wesibonakaliso wobuso wesigulane isetyenzisiweyo, ukuvumela ukuqondisa iimvakalelo kunye namava kwindlela yesidingo;
- i-dramatherapy, oko kukuthi, umdlalo, ukudlala isalathisi;
- iphototherapy - ukufota, ukudala iikholaji;
- Ukunyanga kwamayeza - ukudansa;
- ubugcisa-ukuhlanganiswa - idibanisa ukudweba, ukucacisa, iikhathuni, umbala, imaski, i-phototherapy, njl.
Ulwaphulo lobugcisa kubasetyhini
Kwixesha elikhoyo lobomi, xa abantu behlala bexinezelekile, unyango lwezobugcisa lubancedisa ukuba baziqonde, indawo yabo ebomini kwaye bafumane iindlela zokufezekisa iminqweno yabo. Ubugcisa bonyango kubantu abadala banika ithuba lokuqinisa amandla abo, ukufumana ukuzithemba nokuthula kwengqondo. Ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso ebonakalayo yobuciko, umfanekiso wesimo somntu wenziwa - uhlobo lomntu ofuna ukulubona.
Ugqirha lobugcisa kubantu abadala
Ulwalathiso lwonyango luhlala lukhethwa ngumcebisi, lunikwe ubunzima bohlobo ngalunye lobuchule. Kwaye ukuba abantwana bafanelekile ukuba badlale kwimidlalo yokuzonwabisa okanye ukudansa, ngoko utyando lwezobugcisa kubantu abadala luquka ukhetho oluqinileyo kunye nobuchule obulula lula, kwaye akukho zakhono ezizodwa ezifunekayo. Xa usebenza nabalupheleyo kubalulekile ukukhuthaza umntu ukuba aqale kwaye angazami ukufezekisa umphumo othile. Le ngongoma kunzima kakhulu, kuba abantu abaninzi kule minyaka abasayi kukholwa ngamandla abo, ngaphandle kokuba bacinga ukuba oku kufuna i talente ekhethekileyo.
Utyando lwezobugcisa - uqeqesho
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokusombulula iingxaki zakho zangaphakathi. Nazi ezinye zazo:
- Xa usebenza nomntwana, mcele ukuba enze uloyiko lwakhe. Ukwesabisa kubuya emva, kufuneka kuyenze kube kuhle kwaye kumnandi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuthaba umnsinga, kunye nenja embi amaphiko amnyama.
- Iindlela zobugcisa bonyango ziquka umsebenzi obizwa ngokuthi "uKalyaki Malyaki". Isigulane simenywa ukuba singabi nantoni, uze usiqwalasele ngokucopheleleyo uze ukhethe umfanekiso ocacileyo, umdwebe, udwebe uze uchaze umfanekiso.
- Izindlela zobuchwephesha zobugcisa zibandakanya ubugcisa "be-collage". Kwimeko yesifundo esinikeziwe, glue, sculpt kwaye udwebe kwiphepha nantoni na. Uhlalutyo lwenziwe ngokuqwalasela ubungakanani kunye nesimo sezinto, umbala, isakhiwo, ukuvisisana, njl.
Iincwadi kwiicandelo lobugcisa
Ulwaphulo olunokubonakalisa ukuzibonakalisa okubhaliweyo lufakwe kule mi sebenzi elandelayo:
- "Iindlela zobuchwephesha zobugcisa obujoliswe kumzimba" A.I. Kopytina . Isikhokelo esisebenzayo esinceda ekujonganeni nokulimala okuhlukahlukeneyo kunye nezilingo.
- "Ukusetyenziswa kwonyango lobugcisa: iindlela, ukuxilonga, iinkqubo zoqeqesho" L.D. Lebedevoy . Umlobi kwifomu elula kwaye ifumaneka unikeza inkcazo ecacileyo yamacandelo ophuhliso lobugcisa, dwelisa yonke into efunekayo kule nto, ichaza ubuchule bokuxilonga.
- "Ulwaphulo lokuzibonakalisa ngokuzenzekelayo" Kuqhwithi . Incwadi iluhlu lonke uluhlu lweendlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe kubugcisa kunye nobugcisa.