Ngokuqhelekileyo umnqweno wokufumana ukuvisisana kuya kuba ingxaki zempilo. Okumangalisa kukuba, baninzi bazama ukunciphisa ubunzima ngangokunokwenzeka, abo abayidingayo oku kukodwa: amaxhoba eengcamango zabo malunga nenani elihle ngamantombazana kunye nabasetyhini abanesisindo esifanelekileyo, esibangela kwisifo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-anorexia."
Yintoni i-anorexia?
Ukukhathazeka, ukufikelela kwinqweno yomntu ekunciphiseni isisindo kubangelwa ukuba umfazi uyakunciphisa ukutya, ngokunciphisa ukunciphisa inani lokutya, aze alishiye ngokupheleleyo, kwaye isidingo sokwamkelwa kwawo siyabangela ukunyaniseka, isisonguluko kunye nokuhlanza. Nokuba inxalenye encinci yokutya ibonwa njengokutya ngokutya. Yonke le isifo sesifo se-anorexia, esenza iindidi zezifo ezichaphazelekayo nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kweenkqubo zomzimba kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo.
I-anorexia iqala njani?
Njengomthetho, akukho zizathu ezicacileyo zokulahlekelwa ubunzima kubameli besetyhini, ababe besifo esi sifo. Ininzi yabo ibhinqa labaselula kunye nabasetyhini abaselula abangenayo imithinjana eyongezelelweyo, kodwa bayaqiniseka ukuba badinga ukunciphisa umzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo izalamane, abahlobo, abathandekayo bathetha ngayo. Ibinzana eliphambili ekuxoxeni nabo: "Ndimnene."
Kancinci, umnqweno wokulahlekelwa isisindo uba ngumntu, kwaye ukugqithisela kufaka indawo engqondweni, nangona xa izigulane ezine-anorexia zibukeka ngokwaso kwisibuko: zilapho ziyeka ukubona umzimba oqingqiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo umele i-skeleton, eboshwe ngesikhumba, esilunxwemeni, enobunzima bomntu olambileyo. Isi sifo siqala ukuqhubela phambili kunye noshintsho ukusuka kwisigaba ukuya kwisiteji, ukunyusa imeko yesifo.
Amanyathelo okufumana i-anorexia
I-Anorexia yingozi yengqondo engabikho kuphela ekulahlekelweni kwempilo, kodwa nasekufeni. Isi sifo sinokuthi sibe nekhondo eliqhelekileyo: ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kwenzeka kancane kancane, kunye nesifo, ukuba akukho nanyathelo ethathwa kunyango, ngokukhawuleza "iphela" ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Ngexesha elifanayo uqinisekile ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kufuneka uqhubeke ulahlekelwa isisindo.
- Kwinqanaba lokuqala, umntu uqala ukucinga ukuba uzele ngokugqithiseleyo, ngenxa yoko waba yinto yokugculelwa kunye nehlazo, obangela ukudakumba okukhulu. Uhlala exhalabele malunga nomcimbi wokulahleka kwesisindo, ngoko kunzima kwaye iziphumo zakhe zithatha uninzi lwazo zonke - ezi ziimpawu zokuqala ezibonisa ukuba i-anorexia iqala ukuphuhlisa. Isigaba se-1 sesifo sonyango, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ungaphuthelwa.
- Xa kufika isigaba sesi-2, i-anorexia ibonakalisa isimo sengqondo sesigulane ukuba sinciphise ubunzima: ukudakumba kuyaphuma, kodwa kukho ubungqina obuqinileyo ukuba isiguli sinesisindo esithinteleyo, esifanele siphumelele. Ukulinganisa kuya kuba yinkqubo yemihla ngemihla, kunye nesilawuli sokulahleka kwesisindo esingaphantsi.
- Ukuba isiguli asisadli ukutya, sikhula ngokutya, sihlakulela ukutshintsha, sinokuphikisa ukuba isigaba sesithathu sifikile: i-anorexia ibangela ukulahleka kwesisindo ukuya kuma-50%. Kodwa oku akuthinteli izigulane: baqhubeka befuna ukuba ubunzima babo buhlale bukhulu ngokwaneleyo. Xoxa ngokutya ngoku kuphazamisa nje, kwaye bona ngokwabo bathi banokuziva.
I-Anorexia - ezibangela
Izimbangela ze-anorexia azincinci kakhulu, njengoko zibonakala ngathi ziqala, ngenxa yokuba imbali yesifo isahlukileyo kubo bonke. Kungenxa yoko iingcali ezahlukeneyo zichaza izizathu zokuvela kwayo ngendlela yazo. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba iphutha elenzeke kwinkqubo yokugaya umzimba libeka ityala kuyo yonke into, ngokutsho kwabanye, eso sifo sibonakala ngokubhekiselele kwimeko engaphantsi koxinzelelo kunye nokudakumba . Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlolisiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwimeko yesifo kwenza kube lula ukuhlula ezi zizathu ezilandelayo ze-anorexia:
- umnqweno wokuxelisa "imodeli yepolini", uqikelele imodeli yobuhle;
- ukungabikho kwesimo esibalulekileyo esiqinileyo, ukwakheka ngokwaneleyo komntu;
- ukukhulelwa rhoqo kunye neemeko ezixinzelelekileyo, ukungquzulana nezihlobo kunye noontanga, kungadlulanga ukukhathazeka;
- izifo ezingapheliyo kwiphepha lesisu;
- impendulo yokuthatha amachiza;
- utywala kunye neziyobisi.
Iimpawu ze-anorexia
Inyaniso yokuba eso sifo siphumelele isiphumo esiyingozi singabonakalisa imiqondiso yokuqala ye-anorexia:
- ukuthetha rhoqo ngesidingo sokunciphisa umzimba;
- ukwala imveliso ephezulu yeekhalori;
- abanye banesiteleka sokulambela;
- ephazamisayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Ukuba ngeli nqanaba, uncedo, kubandakanywa kwengqondo, alufumaneki, kungekudala izibonakaliso zesigaba sesibini sesi sifo sibonakala:
- isethi yokutya ekudleni kuyancitshiswe ngokukhawuleza, kodwa umlinganiselo wamanzi utywala ukwanda;
- ukusuka ekudleni okudliwayo kudla ngokulahlwa, ngokubangela ukuhlanza;
- Ukukhawuleza ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa i-enemas;
- esebenzise izidakamizwa kunye nelaseli.
Kwinqanaba lesithathu, utshintsho olubonakalayo lubonakala kwiso iso:
- ulusu luba lincinci, lube lukhuni kwaye lukhuni;
- Iimfucu ze-muscular zincinciwe, kwaye uhla lweoli luphela ngokupheleleyo;
- Amagqabantshintshi amathambo abonakala ngesikhumba esincinci;
- maxhoba amazinyo akho;
- iinwele kunye nezipikili ziba buthathaka kwaye zibuhlungu.
Kukho ukuphulwa komsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi: kukho ukulahla kwexinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokushisa komzimba, i-pulse ibaluleke kakhulu phantsi kweqhelekileyo. Mhlawumbi uphuhliso lwe-gastritis kunye ne-flaccidity of the intestine, kukho ukuchithwa kwesifo senhliziyo. Kukho ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka kunye nokukhathala, ukungafuni ukufunda okanye ukusebenza.
Iimpawu ze-anorexia kumantombazana
Ngokweengcali, kumantombazana, eso sifo sinokuzibonakalisa phambi kokuba iimpawu zeklinikhi zivele. Ngexesha elifanayo, bahlala bengagqalwa, ukubhalwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo zempilo engafanelekanga: ukunyamekela ngokwenyama nangokwengqondo, iingxabano zentsapho, iingxaki zomsebenzi, engaqapheli ukuba ibonisa iimpawu zayo ze-anorexia kwaye zibonakalise ngoko:
- ukuguquka kwemizwelo;
- ukubonakaliswa kobundlobongela obukhuselekanga;
- ukukhusela ukukhupha iingxabano;
- ukucaphukisa abantu abadala abakhulu.
Iindidi ze-anorexia
Ukuba i-psychology ye-anorexia iyaziwa, ngoko kukho iindlela zokunqoba ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba isi sifo sinemibandela eyahlukeneyo yesiganeko, iindidi zeentlobo zayo ziyahluka:
- engqondweni, ebonakalayo eneengxaki ezixhalabisayo kunye neengqondo, ezibangelwa ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kunye ngenxa yokuthatha iziyobisi ze-psychotropic okanye utywala;
- uphawu, uphawu olungumonakalo omkhulu womntu omnye okanye ezininzi iinkqubo zomzimba;
- ukwesaba, okanye kwengqondo, kubangelwa, njengengqondo, ngokuxinezeleka, kunye nokukhanyela kokutya nokunganeliseki ngomzimba wakho;
- iziyobisi, okwakubangelwa ukugqithisa ukudliwa kweziyobisi ezahlukeneyo.
Anorexia yaseprayimari
Ngokweengcali, imithombo ye-anorexia ifihliwe ebuntwaneni kwaye idla ngokuqhagamshelana nokuphulwa komntwana. Ukuba wathabatha ukutya ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, wayedla ngokugqithiseleyo okanye esetyenzisiweyo okanye ukutya okungahambi kakuhle, ukunyanzeliswa ukuba adle ngokugqithiseleyo, ebuntwaneni isiseko sesifo safakwa. Ibakala eliphambili libeka isiseko sesifo, esiza kuvezwa ngabantu abadala abane-anorexia.
Anorexia nervosa
Ukuba iimpawu eziphambili zingabonwa njengebhendi yokuqala malunga nokuqala kwesi sifo, ngoko umnqweno ongenasiphelo wokunciphisa ubunzima nayiphi na indleko sele sele ibonwa njengesiqalo sesifo sengqondo. Olu hlobo lwe-anorexia luyingozi kakhulu ebusheni, kodwa ukuba kuthathwa isenzo esifanelekileyo ukulungisa indlela yokuziphatha, ukubuyiswa kunokwenzeka. Kuyi-anorexia enobuhlungu, iimpawu ezibonisa ubungqina beengxaki:
- umnqweno wokurhoxisa ukutya okudliwayo ngokuhlanza nokuhlamba kwamathumbu;
- ukunyuka komzimba okwenyuka, okukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo;
- ukwamkelwa kwezidakamizwa ezivuthayo kunye nezityholo.
Anorexia yengqondo
Esi sifo sifana ne-anorexia nervosa, nangona kubangelwa, njengommiselo, nangayiphi na ingxaki engqondweni kwaye ihamba ne-neuroses, hysteria kunye nokuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zomzimba ngamnye kunye nokuvela kwezifo ezibangelwa zizifo zesifo. I-anorexia yengqondo ivela njengempendulo kwintlungu engqondweni, engekho nje ekugatheni kokutya, kodwa nangokubonakala kwimeko engafanelekanga yengqondo yengqondo.
Ulwaphulo lwe-anorexia
I-Anorexia ekuthathweni kwamachiza angenzeka xa uthatha amayeza athile engahambelani nezibonakaliso zabo ngokulahleka kwesisindo, okanye kuthathwa ngokuthe ngqo ekulahlekeni kwesisindo. Ngenjongo yokuba ungabhubhisi isifo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi iziyobisi ezenza i-anorexia. Phakathi kwabo: izidakamizwa, i-diuretics, i-laxatives, iziyobisi ze-psychotropic kunye neziyobisi eziphucula umgangatho wokutya ngokutya okuncinci.
I-Anorexia - unyango kunye nemiphumo
Akulungele ukuphatha i-anorexia, kuba isekelwe kwiingxaki ezininzi zeengqondo. Ingxaki ebalulekileyo ayiyi kuba yonyango, kodwa ithuba lokukholisa isigulane sokubaluleka kwayo, kwaye lo ngumsebenzi we-archetypal. Ukuba ixazululwa, ngoko ngoncedo lweengqondo zeengqondo, izifo zengqondo, izondlo kunye neengcali, isifo sinokutshatyalaliswa, kodwa le nkqubo iya kuba yanele ngokwaneleyo.
Kwimeko nganye, kuya kubakho iindlela zokupheka i-anorexia. Imiphumo ye-anorexia ingaba yintlekele kakhulu, esi sifo sitshabalalisa umntu kungekhona nje ngengqondo, kodwa nangokwenyama: iinkqubo zokukhusela zomzimba zonakaliswa, amandla abo asebenzayo aphelile, i-psyche iyadlula kwimeko yokukhanya kunye nokufa kwesigulane kuba ngumphumo wendalo.