Phakathi kweempembelelo zentliziyo, i-aortic stenosis yenye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo: le ntsholongwane isetyenziswe kuwo wonke umntu weshumi oneminyaka engama-60 ukuya kuma-65, kwaye amadoda ahlupheke ngokuphindwe kane.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-stenosis yincinci ye-aortic valve, ngenxa yoko, ngexesha lokuphambana (systole) ye-ventricle engasekhohlo, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyo ukuya kwinxalenye ephakamileyo ye-aorta kuba nzima.
Iintlobo kunye nezimbangela ze-aortic stenosis
Kuyinto yesiko ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-malformation ye-congenital kunye nokufumana enye. Kwimeko yokuqala, i-aorta inamagatya amabini okanye enye (eziqhelekileyo-ezintathu), ezibangela ukuba i-aortic ivule i-aortic, kwaye i-ventricle ekhohlo kufuneka isebenze nomthwalo omkhulu.
I-pathology efunyenweyo iyancatshiswa yinkqubo ye-rheumatic (ukuya kwi-10% yamatyala), ahlala ehamba kunye nokungafezeki okanye isitofu se-mitral valve. Ulutsha lufumana i-aortic stenosis ngenxa ye- rheumatism .
Iimpawu ze-stenosis ze-aortic valve zingabonakala nangemvelaphi ye-endocarditis, apho iifowuni zihlangene kwaye ziba nzima, zinciphise i-lumen.
Abantu asebekhulile, i- atherosclerosis okanye i-deposit of calcium salts (calcinosis) idla ngokugqithisekayo kwi-valve flaps, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni i-lumen.
Iimpawu ze-aortic stenosis
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana, iimpawu ze-stenosis azibonakalwanga, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zifunyanwe ngengozi ngexesha lokuhlolwa kweentliziyo. Nangona emva kokuxilongwa, iimpawu zingenza ulinde iminyaka embalwa.
Isigulane sibhalisiwe kunye nesifo se-cardiologist kwaye siyayibona ngexesha le sifo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukucutha kwe-aortic valve lumen kudala ukuphefumula nokunyuka ukhathala, okubonakalayo ngexesha lomsebenzi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-stenosis ephakathi kwe-valor ye-aortic-indawo ye-lumen iyancipha ukuya kwi-1.6-1.2 cm2, ngelixa umntu onempilo eli xabiso li-2.5-3.5 cm2.
Kwinqanaba lesibini lokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana (ukubonakalisa i-stenosis), ubukhulu be-lumen buchazwa ukuba abukho ngaphezu kwe-0.7-1.2 cm2. Ngexesha lokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, izigulane ezinjalo zikhalaza ngesidlova kunye ne-stenocardia (intlungu emva kwe-sternum), ukuphazamiseka kunokwenzeka.
Amanqanaba alandelayo anesibindi esibukhali kunye nesifo esibucayi se-aortic, esichazwe yimpawu ezifana nokuchoka, isifo se-asthma kunye ne-edema ye-pulmonary. I-lumen yehla kwi-0.5-0.7 cm2.
Kwimeko apho i-stenosis isifo sokuzalwa, imiqondiso yayo ibonakala kuqala kwiminyaka yesibini okanye yesithathu yobomi, kwaye i-pathology ikhula ngokukhawuleza.
Unyango lwe-aortic stenosis
Kuza kubekho, akukho nonyango oluthile lwale nkinga, kwaye kwinqanaba lokuqala lijonga kuphela uphuhliso lwayo.
Kwimigangatho yokugqibela, xa ukunciphisa i-aortic valve lumen idlulisela umntu kakubi ngendlela echazwe ngasentla, ukulungiswa kwe-valve kulungile. Kunzima kwaye kuyingozi, ingakumbi kubaselula kunye nabantu abadala. Ngexesha elifanayo, iimpawu eziqhubekayo zisongela ubomi besigulane nangakumbi - kunye ne-aortic stenosis ebalulekileyo iphila malunga neminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-6.
Enye indlela yokutshintshwa ngokugqithisileyo kwevaji i-balloon valvuloplasty. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukungenisa kwi-valve ukuvula ibhaluni ekhethekileyo encinane, apho umoya unikezelwa khona. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukwandisa imvume yesigxina, nangona kunjalo, i-valvuloplasty ayilona mngcipheko ngaphezu kwe-valve prosthetics.
Indlela yokuphila
Izigulane nge-aortic stenosis zichazwe kwimithwalo enkulu. Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, ukuphuhliswa ngokusuka kwimvelaphi yokugula, kuphathwa ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ukulungiswa kweqela le-vasodilators, njengommiselo, akuyi kuba nefuthe. Ukusuka ekuhlaselweni kwe-angina kunceda i-nitroglycerin, ekufuneka iguguke nayo.