Uhlobo lwe-1 lwe-diabetes mellitus - yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana ngesifo

Uhlobo lwe-1 lwesifo sikashukela luyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Idibana ne-glucose ye-metabolism engafanelekiyo. I-CD1 kukho ukusilela kwe-insulini-ihomoni ejongene nokutyunjwa kweswekile ngamathambo - kunye nokwanda kwintlupheko ye-glucose. Ingxaki ivela ngenxa yokuba ukukhuseleka ngempazamo iqala ukuhlasela iiseli ze-beta kwaye ziyabatshabalalisa.

Iintlobo zesifo seswekile

Zonke iintlobo zesifo ziyafana, kodwa zinemibono ebonakalayo. Ukwahlula kwesifo sikashukela sikhombisa ukwahlula kwiintlobo:

• kuxhomekeke kwi-insulin;
• i-insulin-ezizimeleyo;
• Isifo sikashukela esibangelwa ukutyiwa kwamanani anganeleyo kwezondlo kumzimba;
• SD, ebangelwa isenzo seziyobisi okanye amachiza;
• isifo sikashukela .

1 uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela

Ikwabizwa nangokuxhomekeka kwe-insulin. Uhlobo lwe-1 lwe-diabetes mellitus yimeko apho, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, iiseli ze-beta ziyafa kwi-pancreas - abo bajongene nokuveliswa kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba unobungozi be-hormone. Kukho isifo sikashukela esixhomekeke kwi-insulini xa i-immune system iqalisa ukuziphatha ngokungalunganga. Oku kungabangelwa zizizathu ezizalwayo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda: awukwazi ukuzuza ilifa lesifo sikashukela, kuphela ukuxhomekeka kwimeko yesifo kuhanjiswe kwizinga lofu.

Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo sikashukela

Iindidi ezixhomekeke kwi-insulin ezixhomekeke kwisifo, njengomthetho, zifunyanwe kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwimi-40 ubudala, bexhamla ubunzima obunzima. Iipascreas zabo zivelisa i-insulin, kodwa iiseli zomzimba zenza ngokungalunganga kuyo ngenxa yokunciphisa ububele. Sekuninzi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sikhula, i-down the production of hormone. Oku kuchazwa yinyaniso yokuba ukwanda kwe-glucose kwonakalisa iiseli ezivelisa into.

Iimbangela zohlobo lwe-1 lweeswekile zesifo sikashukela

Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-autoimmune, kuba ingxaki ebalulekileyo apho ikhula khona ukuphula umthetho emsebenzini wokuzikhusela. Iimbangela zesifo sikashukela sinokufumana ilifa. Kodwa nangona bobabini abazali behlelwa yi-CD1, umntwana unokuzalwa enempilo. Ngamanye amaxesha izimbangela zesifo sikashukela se-1 zivela kwimvelaphi yentsholongwane kwaye ziphuhlisa ngasemva:

• inkukhu;
• imasisi;
• rubella;
• imvumba;
• i-hepatitis yentsholongwane.

Uninzi lwegciwane lonakalisa iiseli ze-beta, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi umzimba ungabuyisela yonke into. Kuphela kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, xa iindawo ezininzi zeengxube ze-pancreatic ezivelisa i-insulin zonakaliswa, ukubuyiswa akunakwenzeka. Kukho ii-microorganisms ezivelisa amaprotheni afana nokubunjwa kunye nesakhiwo kwiiseli ze-beta. Ukutshabalalisa, ukukhuseleka kukuphelisa kunye nenxalenye yepascreas. Kwaye nangona intsholongwane ingasetyenziswanga, umzimba uyaqhubeka ulwabalalisa.

Uhlobo lwe-1 lweswekile - iimpawu

Njengomthetho, imiqondiso yesifo iyanzima. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela sibheke njengale:

• ukomelezwa rhoqo (uhlala ufuna ukusela, nangona emva kokusela nje iglasi yamanzi);
• umlomo owomileyo;
• ukubetha;
• Iqhinga eliphindaphindiweyo lokungcwina (ukuya kweelitha ezili-10 zomlambo ngosuku kungabelwa izigulane);
• ukujuluka okukhulu;
• ukucaphuka;
• ukudandatheka;
• zijwili;
• ukuguquka kwemizwelo ebukhali;
• buthathaka;
• ukwehla okubonakalayo ekusebenzeni;
• ukuwohloka kombono.

Xa isifo sikashukela se-1 sisanda kuqalwa, izigulane zibona ukwanda kwondlo. Kodwa abazuzi ubunzima. Ngokuchasene noko, kungaphantsi kweenyanga ezimbalwa, izigulana ziwela kwi-10-15 kg. Ukuphuculwa kwesondlo kuthatyathwa ngokuthe ngandlela-thile yi-anorexia, ngenxa ye-ketoacidosis. Le ndlela yokugqibela ibonakala ngephunga le-acetone emlonyeni. Le meko ihambelana nokuhlaselwa isicupunu, ukuhlanza, ukutywa kwamanzi, iintlungu zesisu.

Ukuxilongwa kohlobo lwe-1 lweswekile

Kwiimeko ezininzi, kulula kakhulu ukucacisa ingxaki. Inyani kukuba izigulane ezininzi ziza kuncedwa kuphela xa i-insulin exhomekeke kwi-diabetes mellitus uhlobo 1 idlulile kwisigaba esinqatshiwe, kwaye zonke iimpawu ziye zachazwa ngokucacileyo. Ukuba le mibuzo ihleli, ingcali kufuneka iqale ingabandakanyi zonke izifo ezinokubonakaliswa okufanayo-ezifana nesifo sikashukela, i-hyperparathyroidism, ukungaphumeleli kwindlala, okanye i-polydipsia yengqondo. Ukuchonga iswekile - uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-1, kubalulekile ukuqhuba uchungechunge lweemvavanyo zegazi:

• ushukela ;
• ukunyamezela kwi-glucose ;
• i hemoglobin ene-glycated .

Indlela yokuphatha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-type?

Ukusebenza kwonyango kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwisigulane. Indlela yokunyanga uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela? Ngenxa yoko, isigulane kufuneka senze oku kulandelayo:

1. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwonyango, zonke iimvavanyo ezimiselweyo kufuneka zithathwe.
2. Udinga ukuthenga i-glucometer. Isixhobo kufuneka sibe semgangathweni, sichaze kwaye sisebenze ngokuchanekileyo.
3. Inqanaba leswekile kufuneka lijongwe rhoqo. Iziphumo, qalisa idayari ekhethekileyo.
4. Isifo sikashukela se-type 1 sinokuphiliswa kuphela ngokubambisana nazo zonke iingcebiso zegqirha.
5. Ukuhlalutya utshintsho kumanqanaba eshukela egazi, kufuneka uhlengahlengise ukutya kwakho.

Ukuba isigulane silandela ngokucacileyo yonke imiyalelo, kungekudala uza kuphawula utshintsho oluhle. Ukuqonda ukuba isifo sikashukela sesantwaba siphelile ukuba siphumelele kwaye sibuyele, kuya kwenzeka kwizinto ezinjalo:

1. Inqanaba leswekile egazini libuyela kwisiqhelo.
2. Izikhombisi eziphuculweyo ekuhlalutyiweyo.
3. Ubunzima buqhelekile (buyehla okanye bukhuphuke, kuxhomekeka kwimimandla ethile yomzimba).
4. Isigulane siqala ukuziva siphapheme.
5. Akukho zitshixo kwixinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokukhathala.
6. Emzimbeni, kukho iiseli ze-beta (unokujonga ubungqina bazo usebenzisa uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-C-peptide).

Utyando lwe-diabetes mellitus

Ekubeni kungakabikho ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo i-CD1, unyango lwe-type 1 lweswekile luyingozi kakhulu. Ulwaphulo olunjalo lujoliswe ekulawuleni izinga leshukela legazi, ukulungisa umzimba, ukukhusela ukuvela kweengxaki, ukubonelela isigulane ngeemeko ezikhululekile kubomi nasemsebenzini.

Insulin yesifo sikashukela

Ulwaphulo lwe-insulin kunye ne-CD1 okwangoku yindlela ethandwa kakhulu yonyango. Eyona ndlela iphumelele ukuyiqhuba kwi-regime yeeyunithi ezininzi. Indlela yokuhlawula i- insulin , ukhetha uchwepheshe. Ukhetho luvame ukuqhutywa kwizicwangciso ezimbini eziphambili:

1. Ulwaphulo lwezithethe luquka ukuqaliswa kweentsholongwane ezimbini zesenzo esiphakathi kunye nomnye-omfutshane phakathi kwabo. Iilungiselelo zifakwe kwisiqingatha seyure ngaphambi kokutya. Ekuseni, malunga ne-60 ukuya kwi-70% ye-dose yemihla ngemihla kufuneka ilawulwe. Esi sicwangciso sisebenza kakuhle, kodwa sinomdla - unyango lwendabuko lufuna ukuthobela ngokuthe ngqo ukutya nokutya rhoqo.
2. Iskimu esinzulu siquka ukuqaliswa kwamaxesha amabini ngosuku lwe-insulin ephakathi kunye neentsholongwane ezintathu zokulungiselela "okufutshane". Ngenxa yoko, idosi yemihla yesigxina sokwenza ixesha elide liphantsi, kwaye kulula - ngaphezulu.

Entsha kunyango lwe-1 yeswekile

Uphando luya kuphuculwa rhoqo. Izindlela zokunyanga kweCD1 nazo ziphuculwa. Iingcali zenzululwazi zaseMerika zenze isitofu esitsha sokugonya. Ndiyabulela kuye, unyango lwesifo sikashukela se-1 sinokusebenza ngakumbi. Injoza yenzelwe ukuphucula ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies. Ithintela ukuveliswa kwempendulo yomzimba. Ukubeka nje, isitofu singakwazi ukubona "iingozi" zeeseli zegazi kwaye zikhokelela ukuhlaselwa kwe-immunity kubo, kunokuba zibe nezinto ezinempilo. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli zepencreas zinethuba lokubuya, kwaye ukufihla kwe-insulin yabo emzimbeni kuqhelekileyo.

Ukutya kwi-type 1 yeswekile yesifo sikashukela

Ekubeni i-SD1 iqala ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokugqabhuka ngokubanzi komzimba ukuze inqobe isigulo, imigaqo emininzi yokusetyenziswa kokutya kufuneka ibonelelwe:

1. Isigulane kufuneka sibale iikhalori kwimveliso.
2. Ukutya kufuneka kube ngumgangatho ophezulu kunye nemvelo.
3. Isondlo sesifo sikashukela se-1 kufuneka sihlulwe sibe ngama-5 kuya kwe-6.
4. Esikhundleni soshukela, kufuneka usebenzise i-sweetener.
5. Ubuninzi bee-carbohydrate mazibe yinto yokutya kwasekuseni neyesemini.

Xa isifo singadliwa:

• amantongomane amatsha;
• iphalaji (i-oatmeal, i-pearl ibhali, ibhakheheat);
• ubisi lwe-soy;
• tofu;
• bezdozhzhevuyu baking;
• imifuno;
• siqhamo;
• udidi;
• amanzi amaminerari;
• itiye kunye nekhofi ezingenasiphunga.

Isifo sikashukela ngesifo sikashukela se-1 asibandakanyi:

• utywala;
• bukhali;
• ukutshaya;
• isobho;
• iibhonti;
• lumnandi;
• iimveliso ezigqityiweyo;
• ukutya okukhawulezayo;
• inyama;
• intlanzi;
• ipasta kunye nomgubo.

Iingxaki zohlobo lwe-1 lweswekile lwesifo sikashukela

Sisiphi isifo esiyingozi ngenxa yeengxaki zayo. Ukuba ushiywe ungaphenduliwe, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela singabangela ukuba:

• ketoacidosis;
• i-hypoglycemic coma;
• isifo sikashukela / i-macroangiopathy - iingxaki zesifo sikashukela esichaphazelekayo esinxulumene nokukhubazeka kwe-vascular, ukunganyaniseki okwandisiweyo kunye nokwanda komngcipheko we-thrombosis;
• ukuphuhliswa kwexesha lokuqala kwe-cataract;
• ukubonakala kweentlungu kumalungu kunye nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwabo;
• umonakalo kwiintso kunye nokubonakala kweeseli zegazi kumchamo (kunye nakwiimeko ezinzima kunye nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo yezintso).

Ukukhulelwa kweSifo 1 soTyhubela

Ngokukhawuleza kufuneka ucacise ukuba uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-1 alukho ukuphikisana nokukhulelwa. Kodwa kwakhona ukucwangcisa abantwana kubasetyhini abanokuxilongwa ngolu hlobo kufuneka ukuba kusengaphambili kwaye ngokucokisekileyo. Kukulungele ukuqala ukuqeqeshwa kweenyanga ezintandathu-ngonyaka. Kulo xesha kubalulekile ukufezekisa isinxephezelo esisisigxina - ixabiso le normoglycemia - kwaye ligcine kwindawo efanelekileyo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhulelwe ukuqhuba ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye akukho zixazululo.

Kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa, iimfuneko ze-insulin ziya kuguquka. Ukuphakama kwamathambo kumntu ngamnye. Abanye abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaziboneli ngenguqu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oomama abanesifo sikashukela abanomdla wesifo sikashukela baxhamla kwi-toxicosis ngokuhlanza. Ngeli thuba, kufuneka uqaphele, kuba emva kwentsholongwane, i-carbohydrates ayilungiselelwanga kakuhle.

Ngosuku lokuzalwa, kungcono ukuba ungenise i-insulin yangasemva. Okanye unokunciphisa kakhulu umyinge. Yiyiphi inqanaba - kubalulekile ukuxoxa nomxhasi we-endocrinologist. Ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokubeleka, ushukela lunokukhula. Oku kubangelwa yinto enqabileyo yowesifazane. Kwezinye iimeko, i-glucose iwa - ngenxa yomthwalo onzima. I-Lactation ihamba kunye nokunciphisa iswekile, ngoko ngaphambi kokuncedisa umama kufuneka athathe isahlulo esongezelelweyo sokutya kwe-carbohydrate.