Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo - inkolelo kunye nokusebenza, ukuqhuba abantwana, ukuxhamla nokuqhelana

Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo yinkqubo ngexesha apho ulwazi lufunyenwe yinkqubo yeentlanzi ukusuka kwiimvumi zengqondo zonke. Namhlanje, abantwana abaninzi banokuzalwa ngokukhubazeka. Iziphazamiso ezibonakalayo zinokubonakala ngathi ziphatha kakubi ngokuziphendulela ngokwemvakalelo (i-whims, hysterics ).

Indlela yokudibanisa

Inkolelo yokudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nemisebenzi ivela kwi-90s. Inkulungwane ye-XX, ngokokuqala ngqa indlela leyo yaqala ukuphuhliswa ngumgqirha waseCalifornia u-E. Iris, owasebenzisana nabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abaneengxaki ezahlukeneyo zeengqondo. Le ndlela yindlela yokulawulwa kweemvakalelo ezifunyenwe kwihlabathi elijikelezayo ngokusebenzisa imidlalo, isebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezichaphazela ukuphulaphula, ukubonwa, ukuthatha i-kinesthetic, ii-vestibular spheres zomntwana okanye umntu omdala.

Injongo yendlela yokudibanisa inzwa

Ukudibanisa okubalulekileyo kubantwana kunceda ukunika ingqondo ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye nesimo esingaphandle sithintela iinkqubo zomntu. imidlalo ezisebenzisayo kwipilisi yeengqondo zinika umntwana ithuba lokuvalelwa kwintswelo, ukulungelelanisa kwenzeka kwaye unyango olusebenzayo lwenkqubo yentsholongwane eqhubekayo.

Iinkqubo zeendlela zokudibanisa

Ngaphambi kokuqwalasela iinkalo ezintle zendlela, umntu kufuneka aqonde imigaqo yokudibanisa:

1. Umsebenzi owanelisayo wokubaluleka kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni nasekufundeni komntwana.
2. Isizathu esiphezulu somntwana, ukuqonda ubunzima obunzima ngokujongana nobunzima, inxaxheba kwiiklasi-kunika ithuba eliphezulu lokuphumelela ngokusebenzisa indlela.
3. Umphengululi ulandela umntwana ekuphuhlisweni kwakhe.
4. Ukunyamekela ukhetho lweeklasi kunye nemiphumo kwiinkqubo zengqondo.
5. Imisebenzi eyenziwa ngumgqirha ukuxazulula umntwana kufuneka ibe phantsi kwamandla akhe.

Inzuzo yendlela:

• ingqibelelo yendlela yokwenza unyango (zonke iinkqubo zengqondo zibandakanyeka);
• kukho ukusekwa koqhagamshelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kwabazali kunye nomntwana;
• umntwana uyazimelela ngokwengeziwe kwizenzo kunye nokusetyenziswa kunye nezinto;
• esifanelekileyo kubantwana abaneenkcukacha ezinzulu kunye neurophysiological ezingaqhelekanga;
• kwiinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral palsy ngaphandle kwendlela engakwazi ukuhanjiswa ngayo, inceda ukukhula komzimba.

Iingxaki zendlela yokuhlanganiswa kwemizwa

Ingcali yokudibanisa inzululwazi kwinqanaba lokuqala likhokelela umntwana, liphawule zonke iinguqulelo, kodwa kwikamva elide kufuneka lixhaswe ngabazali, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba bafunde izinto ezisisiseko zobugcisa kwaye baqhubeke bejongana nomntwana. Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo - iifom yeendlela:

• Ayanconywa kubantwana abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo;
• akusoloko umntwana efunda ubuchule obufunayo kwinkqubo;
• umntwana, efumene ulwazi malunga nokusebenzisana nezinto, umzimba wakhe kufuneka udibanise ngokuzimeleyo konke oku kunye, sifunde ukufikelela kwizigqibo, ezingasoloko zisebenza.

Ukusetyenziswa kokuhlanganiswa kwenzwa

"Ukudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo kwiingxoxo" - incwadi ye-German psycho-energy therapist U. Kisling inceda ukuqaphela ingxaki yomntwana, ukuqonda izizathu zayo nokulungisa iziphazamiso zengqondo ngexesha. Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo yindlela ejongene neendlela ezininzi ezixazulula iingxaki eziliqela ngexesha elilodwa, ngoko kuya kusebenza ngempumelelo kule mimandla elandelayo:

• defectology;
• neurophysiology;
• unyango lo kuthetha;
• yengqondo;
• neurology;
• ku hlaziywa;
• umsebenzi wokufundisa.

Indlela yokudibanisa inzwa kwindlela yokwelapha inkulumo

Ukuchithwa kokuhlanganiswa kwengqondo kubantwana, iintetho zeentetho zokungaziphathi kakuhle iintetho kunye nabadlali be-defectologists bachanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo basebenzise indlela yokudibanisa. Kule njongo ukuzonwabisa izibhebhe kunye neelatices kunye nemifanekiso zisetyenzisiweyo. Umlomo weengxoxo ucela umntwana ukuba athole ibhola emifanekisweni phakathi kwemifanekiso, ukuvakalisa ngokukhawuleza, okanye ukufumana izilwanyana egameni elithi C, W, neR consonants zidibana nazo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwenzalo kumchaphazela umntwana kwaye kuphazamise ukuphazamiseka okwesibini.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo kwi-autism

Ukuvuselela ngokubaluleka kunye nokudibanisa kwi-autism yenye yeendlela ezininzi, ukuphumelela kwayo akuzange kufundwe ngokwaneleyo xa kusetyenziswa unyango lweengxaki ze-autism. Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo kwezigulane ze-autistic kufuneka zenziwe kuphela emva kokuba iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zesifo sele zichongiwe okanye umphumo uya kuchitheka. Umsebenzi wendlela yokudibanisa inzwa kukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuphumula.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo kubantwana abane-cerebral palsy

Ukungaxhamli komsebenzi wokubambisana kwabantwana abane-cerebral palsy kukungagcini kwazo zonke iinkqubo zengqondo kunye nokukwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngentsingiselo ukuphendula ngokwaneleyo iimpawu zengqondo ezingenayo, ngoko ke iingcali zineengxaki zokuqonda, zokuziphatha kunye ne-neurophysiological. Isisombululo esiphumeleleyo ngonyango olubandakanyekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezivumela ukufumana iimpendulo eziphezulu:

• zintambo;
• baxhasi;
• iibhodi ezithe tye;
• imigudu;
• iplanga ngeebhola.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo - ukusetyenziswa

Ukungaxakeki kokuhlanganiswa kwengqondo yomntwana kudlalwa ngabazali kunye nabathandekayo njengokwenkcenkcesha, imizwa kunye nokuphanga bengazi ukuba umntwana wabo ufuna uncedo. Ukungasebenzi ngokulula kulula ukulungiswa ngokwenza imisebenzi ejoliswe ekuphuhliseni inkqubo ethile yokuzivocavoca okanye eziliqela ngexesha elilodwa, kubalulekile ukuba ulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye neengcali ukuba kukho ukuphucula.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo - ukuqhuba ukuphuhliswa kokunyuka:

1. Ukuze usebenze, uya kufuna iimpahla zeplastiki ezingenanto, ii-disks ezidaka, amafutha anamnandi, amajikijolo kunye neziqhamo zeziqhamo. Amafutha ase-Aromo athatyathwa ngokuqwalasela ubukho bezithelo kunye namajikijolo, umzekelo, ioli yeoli kunye neqhekeza le-orange, ioli lemon kunye necace yemononi - iifrimu kufuneka ziqhelane nomntwana. Kwi-cotton pad ukuze udibanise iinqontsho zeoli kunye nokufaka kwisitya, yenza oku ngeoli ephilileyo, kwakhona ubeke phezu kwetaqulatho zetafile kunye namajikijane afana neqholi elincinci. Umntwana uvalwe amehlo, abekwe etafileni aze anike i-container ye-oyile, kwaye ufumane isalathisi esifumanekayo kwitafile, egxile kwivumba.
2. "Ncedisa i-monkey!". Kwiiglasi zibeka ukutya: iziqwenga zesonka, imifuno, iziqhamo kunye nezinye izinto zeglasi (isepha, i-perfume, i-toothpaste, udongwe). Abantwana bavalwe amehlo kwaye banikezela ukunceda i-monkey ngo kunceda "impumlo" nje kuphela ukuba baqinisekise ukuba ziphi iikomityi zokutya, kunye neziphi izinto ezingabonakaliyo, kwaye unqume ukuba yintoni.

Ukuzivocavoca ukuphuhlisa umbono:

• obvodenie umxholo we sifundo;
• ukudweba into (ukukopisha);
• ukuxuba imibala;
• ukudweba ngamacwecwe eminwe.

Ukudibanisa okuqhelekileyo kunye nentetho ziqhuba:

• ukuxelisa izandi ezinambuzane (inyosi, umlumko);
• ukuphosa ulwimi (ngokuvakalayo, ngokuthula);
• ukubetha ukunyakaza komlomo;
• ukucula i-vowel A-A-A-A-A-A ngomlomo ovulekileyo, ixesha elide kunye ne-M-M-MM-M kunye nemilomo eqinile.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo - ukuqeqeshwa kwentetho:

• ingqungquthela yesigqi (umntu omncinci, umntwana uphinda), ungasebenzisa iipuni zeenkuni, iimpawu, iibhotile zeplastiki;
• ukucula ingoma. Ukuqala ngomntwana olula kwaye oqhelekileyo, umntu omdala uhlabelela ingoma encinane yengoma, umntwana uphinda.

Ukuzivocavoca ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana ezincinci:

• umdlalo kunye nembewu kunye nemveliso eninzi (i-pasta, iimbotyi);
• sonyango;
• Ukuhamba ngeengubo zokungcebeleka ngamatye, amatye ekhethekileyo.

Izixhobo zokudibanisa

Ukuzibandakanya okuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa kwizixhobo ezizodwa, ezimele zikhusele umntwana, zikhangele kwaye ziqhakazile. Ulwaphulo oluchanekileyo kunye nokudibanisa kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezilandelayo:

• simulator yokuvuselela i-cerebellar (ukulinganisa) - ijoliswe kubantwana abanenkinga ngokulungelelanisa, izakhono zezithuthi;
• Iindlela eziphathekayo - iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengoma zakha umqondo wokulinganisela;
• Iimpawu zokukhanya ezibonakalayo zemibala eyahlukileyo - zikhanya ebumnyameni zize zenze igalelo lokuvuselela iinkqubo zobomi, ezibonwayo nezichukumisayo.
• I-Bizybordy - eyenzelwe yinkqubo yeMontessori, iibhodi ezinamacandelo amaninzi ahlukeneyo, iingubo, iingubo zeembotyi, iimfesane zikhangeleka kakhulu kubantwana, zihlakulela ingcamango, izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezakhono kunye nobuchule.
• iingubo zokugcoba kunye nemithwalo yokuphumula - banceda abantwana abangenabuchule ukuba banqabise baze balele, umntwana uvakalelwa umphumo anqunywe ngawo.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhelekileyo - uqeqesho

Izifundo ezidibeneyo zokudibanisa zenziwa kwi-Austrian Association kunye neYouth University yaseCoscow eCalifornia eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg. Uqeqesho luqulethe iimodyuli eziyi-3, iiyure ezingama-144 zihlala. Iikhosi zinconywa ukuba zichazwe ngamagama, i-defectologists, i- neuropsychologists kunye ne-psychotherapists. Ubude bexesha lokuqeqeshwa liiyure eziyi-144, kwaye ekuphumeleleni ngokuphumelelayo isatifikethi sokuphuhliswa kobugcisa sikhutshwe.