Umhlaba wezityalo

Ixesha liqala kubahlali behlobo kunye neefama zelori ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuqala kwebanda. Abanikazi abaninzi bezindlu ezikhethiweyo bakhetha ukukhula nokutshala izityalo zabo kwiibhedi. Kukho ubuninzi bobuqhetseba kule nkalo enzima, ukhetho lomhlaba kwiintlobo zingathathwa njengesihlandlo esibaluleke kakhulu.

Yintoni ekufuneka ibe ngumhlaba wezityalo?

Umhlaba okhethiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo uhlala ukhokelela kwizifo nokuphuhliswa kakubi kwezityalo. Kungenxa yoko, ngaphezu kokunyamekela, impilo yezityalo ezincinci zixhomekeke kumgangatho nokubunjwa komhlaba. Kukho iimfuno ezininzi kulo, zilapha ezinye zazo:

1. Umxube womhlaba kufuneka uvelise, oko kukuthi, unako ukubonelela izityalo kunye nezinto ezifunekayo zokukhula.
2. Ihlabathi elincinci nelinyanisekileyo liyimfuneko yokwenza imbewu.
3. Isiqulatho sezinto ezisemhlabeni kufuneka sibe kwindawo efanelekileyo.
4. Ubunjani bomhlaba bomhlaba ukwenzela ukuba izithombo zingabandakanyeki.

Kwaye oku akukho konke, kodwa uluhlu oluphambili lweemfuneko, ngokubaluleka kokulungiselela umxube wokutyalwa kwembewu kwiimbewu. Akumangalisi ukuba umhlaba oqhelekileyo ovela kwintsimi ayisoloko ikulungele le njongo. Enyanisweni, umhlaba ongcono kakhulu wezityalo uyingxube yamacandelo ahlukeneyo, umzekelo, i-peat, isanti okanye i-humus.

I-Humus iyimvelaphi ye-nitrogen kwizityalo, yenza umhlaba ohluphekileyo ukhululeke kakhulu. Isandla ngumhlaba womhlaba onamandla okuphucula, ukuze umoya uhanjiswe kwiingcambu ezingcono. Into enjalo eyaziwayo njenge-peat inezixhobo ezinobuncwane obumanzi obumanzi.

Kuhlala nje kuphela ukubonisa icandelo eliphambili-umhlaba. Ukuba sithetha ngohlobo luni lomhlaba onokuthabatha izityalo, ngoko kukho izinto ezininzi. Ihlabathi elivela ehlathini lezityalo lihlwempuzekileyo kwizondlo, kodwa ixutywe kunye ne-humus ayilona khetho olubi kakhulu. Abalimi abanolwazi bancoma ukuba bathathe umhlaba kungekho ehlathini ngokwawo, kodwa kwiibhanti zehlathi. Ngendlela, i-turf yomhlaba iyahluke ngokubunjwa, isityebi kwizinto eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwezityalo. Mhlawumbi into eyona nto engenzi buhlungu, kukunyusa ukuxhatshazwa ngokuxuba kunye ne-peat okanye isanti.

Ukongezelela, okubizwa ngokuba yi-mole emhlabeni ukuze izithombo zifanele ukuhlaziywa kakuhle. Kukholelwa ukuba ikhululekile kwiimpethu ezinambuzane kunye nembewu yokhula, sele ikhululekile.

Ungayilungisa njani umhlaba umhlaba?

Enyanisweni, ukubunjwa komhlaba, ukulungele ukukhula komhlaba kuyintlobo eninzi. Ngokubanzi, kucetyiswa ukuba uqwalasele iimpawu zenkcubeko, izityalo ozimisele ukuzenza. Ngokomzekelo, ikhukhamba, umxube we-turf kunye ne-humus ngokulinganayo. I-pepper kunye netamatato, umxube womhlaba ulungiswe kwi-peat, umhlaba (iqabunga okanye i-turf) kunye nesihlabathi. Kule meko, kwakhona, inxalenye elinganayo yamacandelo. Ngendlela, isanti ithatyathelwanga ngokukhawuleza nge-vermiculite okanye i-perlite. Ukwakhiwa okufanayo kufezekileyo kwizityalo zokuhlobisa.

Ukuba ucele ukuba uhlakulele iklabishi okanye izityalo ze-eggplant, qhagamshela iindawo ezimbini zomhlaba, isanti kunye nama-humus, athathwe kwi-lobe enye.

Ukulungiselela umhlaba ukwenzela izityalo

Naliphina inxalenye yokulungiselela umxube ingaba ngumthombo wentsholongwane ngezifo okanye izibungu ezinambuzane. Mhlawumbi i-peat ne-coconut substrate, iqhutywe kwiindawo mveliso. Ngoko ke, ukuba uyithathile ilizwe kumyezo wakho, yiphatha kakubi nakweyiphi na indlela evumelana nawe. Xa umhlaba wokuqala uvunwa ekwindla kwaye ushiye edibanini ukuze ushinywe kuze kube seyokuqala. Ibhedi yamanzi imizuzu engama-45 enye indlela yokulwa nezilwanyana nezifo.

Ukuba sithetha malunga nokuba kuyimfuneko ukuthoba umhlaba kwizityalo, le ndlela yokuqhawula imbonakalo iboniswa ukuba uthatha umhlaba ehlathini okanye kwisiza. Ngoko ke, ngokubeka nje umhlaba kwi-ovini ngesigamu seyure, unokuyihlaziya i-larvae ne-infathogens.