Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphazamiseka kwesondlo kubonisa ukuba utshintsho olunzulu lwangaphakathi kwizitho zangaphakathi. Umhlaza wesisu somhlaza wesinye sesinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo zesifo somhlaza. Ngenxa yokuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza nokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, kunamazinga aphezulu okufa kwabantu.
Umhlaza wesisu - Iindidi
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha isifo esibhekisiwe. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ze-hertological ze-oncology zesisu zahlula ngokwahlukileyo kwezi ntloba zomhlaza:
- i-glandular (i-tubular, i-papillary, i-mucinous adenocarcinoma);
- i-ring-celled;
- encinci;
- iseli e
- i-squirous-squamous;
- ezingenasiphelo.
Ngokwehlobo lokukhula, umdlavuza wesisu uhlelwe ezi zilandelayo:
- polypoid;
- isilonda;
- i-disifise-infiltrative;
- ngesilonda.
Ngokuhambelana neenguqu kwiimbumba ezijikelezayo, izibilini ezibi zesisu zingabakho:
- emathunjini;
- u sasaza;
- zixutywe.
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza (TNM) luquka ukuhlukana kwentsholongwane ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezi-3:
- Isigaba (T). Ubukhulu buqikelelwa kwizinga le-0 ukuya kwe-4.
- Ubuninzi beemastastases kwi-lymph nodes (N). Ukuba abakho, ixabiso 0 libekwe, isalathisi esikhulu kunazo zonke.
- Usulelo lwezifo kunye nezixhobo ezikude (M). 0 - ukuba ngaba, 1 - xa bengekho.
Umhlaza wesisu - izizathu
Ukuseka ngokucacileyo ukuba kutheni amangqamuzana athile aguquka aze ahlasele aze aphumelele. Kuphela izinto eziziwayo ziyaziwa apho isisu somzimba senziwa rhoqo:
- ukutshaya;
- iimpawu zendalo;
- ukungabikho kwe- ascorbic acid kwimenyu;
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala;
- umdlavuza wesisu kwisondlo esondeleyo;
- ukuguquka kwemfuyo;
- uhlobo lwesondlo;
- ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye- Helicobacter pylori ;
- imisebenzi yangaphambili kwisisu;
- i-reflux ye-duodenal-gastric ;
- isilonda sesilonda;
- ezinye izicubu ze-ecology kwiindawo ezikufuphi;
- iindidi zeembumba.
Umhlaza wesisu - iimpawu
Imiqondiso yesifo esichazwe kwisifo ixhomekeke kwindlela yayo, ukuhlaziywa kweenkqubo zentsholongwane, ubunzima babo. Umfanekiso wekliniki uhambelana nesigaba somdlavuza wesisu, ixesha elide isifo sisenza, ngakumbi iimpawu zayo. Kwimigangatho yokuqala yophuhliso kunzima ukukrokra ubukho be-tumor ebulalayo, ngoko ke isigulo esinikezelweyo sivame ukufunyaniswa kwisiganeko esinzima.
Umhlaza wesisu - 1 isigaba
Ekuqaleni kokuqhubeka, i-tumor ebulalayo ayicaphukisi nayiphi na imbonakalo ethile. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwabo okanye ukungabikho komntu wonke, kunzima ukuchonga umdlavuza wokuqala wesisu - iimpawu, iimpawu zokuqala zentsholongwane azinxulumene ne-oncology. Zifana ne-gastritis okanye isilonda, zivame ukubonwa njengento yesikhashana ebangelwa kukutya ngokutya okanye ukungalungi kwisondlo.
Iimpawu zesifo somhlaza kwisisu ekuqaleni:
- ukungathandeki kwisisu;
- ukuqhuma;
- ukuguquka;
- ukuvakalelwa kwesisu;
- ukuvumba kwamathuba kwisisu ;
- utshintshe kwiintlobo ezikhethiweyo.
Umhlaza wesisu - isigaba 2
Njengoko eso sifo siqhubeka, umfanekiso wakhe weklinikhi ukhula, kodwa kwinqanaba langoku le nkqubela lihlala lingacacile. Umhlaza wesisu wobunzima obunzima ufunyaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngengozi. Oku kwenzeka xa uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwezitho zokutya okanye emva kokudibanisa ne-gastroenterologist ngokukrokrelwa kwesilonda se-peptic.
Imiqondiso ekhoyo yenomdla yesisu yesigaba sesi-2:
- ukuphazamiseka kokutya;
- ukukhulelwa kwegazi ;
- Ubuthathaka obungachazwanga kunye nokukhathala okuqhubekayo;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemveliso ethile;
- ukunyuka komzimba;
- ukuvakalelwa okungathandekiyo esiswini;
- izifo ezibangelwa yi-dyspeptic.
Umhlaza wesisu - isigaba 3
Ngomlinganiselo obanzi wokukhubazeka kwe-oncological, kukho impawu ecacileyo ekhuthaza umntu ukuba adibane ne-gastroenterologist. Umhlaza wesibeleko - iimpawu kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-tumor kwizigaba ezintathu zophuhliso:
- ubunzima bokugwinya ukutya kunye notywala;
- ukutshabalalisa okunzulu;
- ukuhlanza;
- intlungu esiswini, inokunika emva;
- ukwandiswa kwesisu esiswini;
- ukulahleka kwesisindo;
- iziphazamiso zesitopu;
- isisulu somsindo;
- ukwakheka okuqinileyo kwiphondo ye-plexus;
- ukusebenza okuphantsi.
Umhlaza wesisu - Isigaba 4
Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokuqhubela phambili, umfanekiso wekliniki ubonakala kwimvelaphi yeenkqubo ze-mucosal ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokukhula kwezidumbu. I-oncology yesisu - iimpawu neempawu zesifo kwisigaba 4:
- Ukulinda umbala omnyama;
- ukuhlanza ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokungcola kwegazi, ngamanye amaxesha abantu bafana nezizathu zekhofi;
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba;
- ebizwa ngokuba yi-dizziness, de de loss of consciousness;
- ubuthathaka obunamandla.
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-oncology eyinkimbinkimbi yesisu ifunyaniswa - iimpawu zongezelelwe izilonda zezitho kunye nezicubu, apho i-metastase ye-tumor ihlume. Ezi zibonakaliso ziquka:
- intlungu emathunjini, i-gall bladder, izintso;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukungakwazi ukugwinya amanzi okanye ukutya;
- ungakhathazeki entliziyweni;
- ukuphuma kwangaphakathi .
Ungajonga njani isisu nge-oncology?
Ukufumanisa i-tumor kwimigqaliselo yokuqala kunqabile kakhulu, kuba abantu abanqabile ukuya esibhedlele ukuze bahlolwe iimviwo. Iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesisu zingekho okanye zingezizo, oko kutheni bahlala bengakuhoywa. Indlela ethembekileyo yokufumanisa i-pathology ye-oncological is gastroscopy, ebonisa ukuboniswa kweembumba ezinobumba kunye nokufumaneka kwe-biopsy yamathambo. Ukongezelela, ugqirha unokunika izi zifundo zilandelayo:
- tomography;
- i-radiografi ngokusungulwa kohlobo oluphambeneyo;
- uhlalutyo lwabalandeli;
- vavanyo lwe ultrasound.
Unyango lomhlaza wesisu
Ulwaphulo lwesifo esibuzwayo luxhomekeke kwisigaba sawo kunye nobukhulu beempawu. Inkqubo ephezulu kunye neyokuphela kwonyango yonyango, ukubandakanya ukukhutshwa okukodwa okanye okugqibeleleyo kwilungu elimele. Ukuba i-metastase emdlalweni wesisu ihlume kwii-lymph node eziseduze, nazo zihamba ngokuzikhethela. Iindlela zokungapheliyo zempembelelo zisetyenziswe ngaphambi nangemva kokunyanzeliswa kwezixhobo zokuchukumisa ukususwa kwesisu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli eziseleyo.
I-Chemotherapy yomhlaza wesisu
Inketho echazwe yonyango ikhoyo kwiintlobo ezimbini:
- Neoadjuvant. I-Chemotherapy yenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani besilonda kunye nokwenza lula ukunyaniseka.
- Adjuvant. Iziyobisi zilawulwa emva kokuhlinzwa ukwenzela ukuba umhlaza wesisu awuqhubeki, kwaye iiseli eziseleyo zatshintshwe zachithwa.
I-Chemotherapy idla ngokudibanisa ne-radiotherapy, efana nayo eyenziwa ngosuku nangaphambi kokusebenza. Ukuba ukuthengiswa kwamathambo kwenzelwa kwi-oncology, ukuqaliswa kwamachiza akhethekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-radiation help help to facilitate the life of the patient. Le ndlela inceda ukuqeda okanye ukunciphisa intlungu, ukuphucula ukugaya, nokunyusa ubomi bomntu.
Umhlaza wesisu - ukusebenza
Kukho iindlela ezi-2 zokungenelela kwonyango ukunyanga le pathology. Ukunyangwa kweengxaki zomhlaza wesisu:
- UkuHlelwa. Ukususa inxalenye ebalulekileyo yelungu elichaphazelekayo ngesifo esibi. Ukungenelela okunjalo kuphazamisekile, kulandelelanisa kunye nokutsalwa kwetyala, kuxhomekeke kwingingqi yesisu apho umdlavuza uqhubeka khona.
- Gastrectomy. Ukususwa kwelungu lonke. Olu hlobo lokusetyenziswa kolawulo lubonakaliswa kumanqanaba okugqibela okuqhubeka komhlaza. Ukuba i-metastases ikhona, iinjongo ezitheleleke ngabo - i-lymph nodes, ii-ovaries, i-spleen, isibindi (inxalenye) kunye nezinye zixhaswe ngokufanayo.
Ukutya kunye ne-oncology yesisu
Ukutya ngokuchanekileyo kokutya kukuncedisa ekuqhelweni kweenkqubo zokugaya nokuphucula impilo. Nangona umhlaza wesisu osebenzayo uqhubeka, kubalulekile ukunamathela kwimenyu yokunyanga. Oku kunceda ukucotha ukusabalala kweemastastases kunye nokukhula kwesisu, ukwandisa ubomi encinci.
Ukutya kunye ne-oncology yesisu ayifaki ngokupheleleyo:
- utywala;
- ukutya okuthosiweyo kunye namafutha;
- ukutya okunesonka;
- ukutya okusemgangathweni;
- marinades;
- iziqholo;
- amakhowe;
- iisukisi;
- izitya ezimuncu;
- vanillin;
- isinqumelo;
- ikhofi;
- iziphuzo ze-carbonate;
- itiye enamandla;
- iimveliso eziqukethe idayi, izilondolozo;
- ukutya okubandayo okanye kushushu.
Kuvumelekile ukusebenzisa:
- okusanhlamvu kunye nokutya okutyayo;
- Iimveliso zesobho kunye nemifuno enezithako ezicocekileyo;
- iintlanzi ezincinci zintlanzi, inyama kunye neenkukhu;
- isonka esimhlophe sangoozolo;
- ibhotela (elinganiselwe);
- i-fat cottage cheese ephantsi;
- amaqanda abilisiwe abilisiwe kunye namaqanda aluhlaza;
- i-kisels;
- omelettes;
- imifuno evuthiweyo, amajikijolo, iziqhamo;
- imifuno;
- izithelo ze citrus;
- i juices ezitsha;
- ioli;
- amanzi e-alkaline amaminerali ngaphandle kwegesi;
- uhlaza, itiye eluhlaza.
Ukutya kudinga imithetho emininzi:
- Iziqephu kufuneka zibe zincinci, kunye nokutya ukutya rhoqo-ukuya kuma-10 ngamaxesha.
- Ubushushu beesitya zi malunga nama-37 degrees.
- Ukutya kufuneka kutywe okanye kutyunjwe ngenye indlela, ihlaziywe.
- Zonke iimveliso kufuneka zibe zintsha.
- Unokupheka ukutya kuphela okanye ukupheka isibini.
- Ungasebenzisi kakubi ityuwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa umyinge omncinci.
- Umxholo wenqatha kwimenyu u malunga ne-30%, ikakhulukazi yemvelaphi yemifuno.
Umhlaza wesisu - ukuxela
Kwi-oncology, kuqhelekile ukuvavanya ukuphumelela kwonyango kunye namathuba okuphucula kwiminyaka emi-5. Ingakanani abaphila ngayo nomhlaza wesisu kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba elithe lafunyaniswa ngalo, uhlobo lwe-pathology, iminyaka yesigulane nezinye izinto. Ngokuhambelana nobunzima besifo, i-prediction yile ndlela ilandelayo:
- Isigaba sokuqala - 57-70%;
- Isigaba sesi-2 - 33-45%;
- Isigaba 3 - 10-20%;
- Isigaba 4 - ukuya kuma-5%.