Njengakwamanye amazwe, inkqubo yokuqhawula umtshato e-Ukraine, ukwahlukana kwepropati elandelayo, kunye nencazelo yamalungelo kunye nezibophelelo malunga nabantwana kunikezelwa ngumthetho wangoku kwaye, njengoko kufanelekile, ilawulwa ngabaphathi abafanelekileyo. Ungaqhelana nenkqubo yokuqhawula umtshato e-Ukraine ngokufunda amaphepha afanelekileyo eNkcazo yoMndeni (UK), apho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhawula umtshato zichazwe.
Indlela yokuqhawula umtshato e-Ukraine?
I-SC yaseUkraine inikezela ngokuqhawula umtshato kwi-RAGS, ukuba isigqibo sokuqhawula umtshato singavumelani kwaye akukho bantwana abancinci kwintsapho. Le ndlela yokuqhawula umtshato iyinto elula kwaye inokwenzeka xa kungekho mntu wamanye amaqela, ukuba kukho ingxelo engabonakaliyo. Kwakhona, ukuqhawula umtshato kwi-Ukraine ngokusebenzisa i-RAGS ixabiso elincinci kwaye likhawuleza. Kule meko, isibini sithumele isitatimende, senziwe emva kwesicelo sokuqhawula umtshato e-Ukraine. Emva kokuhambisa isicelo, abafazi banikwa inyanga enye kwisigqibo sokugqibela. Inyanga emva kokuba isicelo sifakwe, isatifikethi somtshato sikhutshwe kwaye inqaku elifanayo lenziwe kwipaspoti. Ukuba omnye wabatshatileyo uyabonakala elahlekile, enetyala elingaphezu kweminyaka engama-3 okanye engaziwayo, ngoko kwi-RAGS unokuqhawula umtshato kwisicelo somnye weqela.
Ekubeni kubantwana abancinci, iingxabano malunga nokwahlukana kwepropati, ukungavumelani ngokuqhawula omnye womnye amaqela, kunye nakwezinye iimeko eziphikisanayo, umtshato ungenziwa kuphela kwinkqubo yomgwebo.
Ekubeni kubantwana, abafazi kufuneka bafake isicelo sokuqhawula inkundla kunye nenkundla ebhaliweyo echaza ukuzaliseka kweembopheleleko kumntwana kunye nokulawulwa kwamalungelo kwabazali. Oku kusebenzayo kwisivumelwano esingabonakaliswa ngokubhaliweyo, ukuba amaqela aye kwisivumelwano esihlangeneyo.
Ukuba akukho mvume phakathi kwabatshatileyo, inkundla iya kufaka isitatimende sesibango kwindawo yokuhlala kuyo iqabane apho kufuneka khona ukufumana imvume.
Ityala liye lonyulwa kungekudala kwenyanga enye emva kokufakwa kwesicelo. Isicelo sokucatshulwa kwepropati sinconywa ukuba sikhutshwe ngokwahlukileyo kwisicelo sokuqhawula umtshato. Ukuba nawe ubonisa kwisicelo somtshato isahlulo sepropati, isigqibo sokusula umtshato siya kwenziwa kuphela emva kokusasazwa kwipropati, enokulibazisa kakhulu inkqubo yonke. Ukuba usebenza ngokuhlukileyo, ngoko umtshato uya kubhaliswa kwangaphambili. Kodwa xa ukwahlula ipropati, ungayikhohlwa malunga nexesha lokunciphisa, emva koko ipropati ayithobeli phantsi kwecandelo. Kwimvavanyo kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba isigqibo senkundla yomtshato singashenwa kuphela emva kweentsuku ezili-10 emva kokutshatyalaliswa komtshato. Kwakhona, ukuba kukho isigqibo senkundla, akudingeki ukuba ubhalise ngokwongezelelweyo kwi-RAGS.
Kwimeko nganye kukho iimeko ezizodwa eziye zenziwe ngqalelo kwinkundla kwaye zichaphazele isigqibo sokugqibela. Ngoko ke, xa umtshato uqhawule inkundla, awukwazi ukulibazisa ukungeniswa kwamaxwebhu, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ubonisane namagqwetha, oko bekuya kuthintela njani iingxaki.
Amaphepha okuqhawula umtshato e-Ukraine
Isicelo sokuqhawula umtshato e-Ukraine sinokufakwa ngababini bomtshato okanye omnye womtshato, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko. La maxwebhu alandelayo aya ku funeka:
- ikopi zeepaspoti;
- ikopi yesatifiketi somtshato;
- isivumelwano somtshato (ukuba sagqitywa ngexesha lokubhalisa umtshato);
- ikopi zeziqinisekiso zokuzalwa zabantwana (ukuba kukho abantwana abancinci).
Ukongeza kwimiqathango emiselweyo yamaxwebhu kwiimeko ezahlukileyo, isicelo okanye isivumelwano malunga nokuhlulwa kwepropati kuyadingeka, isivumelwano esikhankanyiweyo sokukhutshwa kunye nokubonelelwa komntwana, apho imali kunye nentlawulo yokuhlawula isondlo ingachazwa. Kwimeko apho kukho imeko ephikisanayo, amaxwebhu angeziwe angadingeka, umzekelo, isatifiketi semali engenayo, ubungqina bamangqina, amaxwebhu anqwenela ubunikazi.
Ingakanani imali yokuqhawula umtshato e-Ukraine?
Iindleko zokuqhawula umtshato e-Ukraine zixhomekeke kwiindlela zokuqhawula umtshato, kwaye zichazwe ngumthetho okhoyo. Ukutshatyalaliswa komtshato nge-RAGS kudinga ukuhlawula umrhumo welizwe (ukuba umtshato awuyena owokuqala, ngoko-ke ngokuphindwe kabini), kunye nokuhlawula ulwazi kunye neenkonzo zobugcisa. Iimbuyekezo zokuhlawula ziqhotyoshelweyo kwisicelo. Umrhumo welizwe wokubhalisa umtshato uyahlawulwa.
Iindleko zomtshato phakathi kwenkundla e-Ukraine zibiza kakhulu kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimeko. Imbopheleleko ihlala ihlawula iifizi kunye neenkonzo, njengoko kwimeko yokuqhawula kwi-RAGS, kodwa isiluleko sezomthetho sihlawulwa ngokukhawuleza, xa ukwahlula ipropati, ipesenti ethile yexabiso lemali, i-appraisers yepropati kunye ne-BTI iinkonzo zihlawulwa xa i-estate estate ihlulwe. Ukongezelela, ummeli enkundleni, ukubhaliswa kwakhona kwamaxwebhu, iintlawulo zemboleko kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezinokufuneka zihlawulwe.
Izibalo zesehlukaniso e-Ukraine
Izibalo zonyaka okhoyo zibonisa ukwanda kwenani lezahlukaniso, eziba ngama-4.5 ngabangu-1000 abantu. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba ngenxa yokungonakaliswa kweemeko zemali, abaninzi abantu abatshatileyo, emva kokuxhatshazwa kobudlelwane, ababhalisanga ngokusemthethweni umtshato. Ngelo xesha, ukungabikho kwemivumelwano yomtshato kubangela ukungquzulana kunye nokuphila ngokunyanzeliswa kwintsimi enye, obangela ubungozi beengqondo kwabo babesesibini abatshatileyo nabantwana babo. Iiphoso ezinjalo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngabangenayo emtshatweni, kwaye okokuqala zichaze amalungelo epropati, ukwenzela ukuphepha iingxaki ezingenasidingo.
Kwimeko yokuqhawula e-Ukraine, njengamanye amazwe, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba utshintsho kunye nezilungiso zingenziwa kumthetho, ngoko ke, sibhekene nesimo sengxaki, okokuqala kubalulekile ukuba ufunde inguqulo yakutsha yase-UK, qhagamshelana negosa, uze uqhubeke izenzo.