Enye yeendlela ezichanekileyo zokuxilonga ezivumela ukulandelelanisa utshintsho lwezifo emzimbeni kunye nokukrokrela ukuphuhliswa kwezifo ezithile ekuqaleni kwinqanaba lokuhlolwa kwegazi. Olu pho nonongo luqhutyelwa ukucacisa imeko yazo zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo, apho izibonakaliso zokubala zezinto ezininzi zegazi zihlalutyiweyo. Esinye isalathisi sinqanaba le-alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Cinga uhlobo luni lwezinto, kwaye luhlobo luni lokungaqhelekanga lunokuboniswa lixabiso eliphakamileyo le-ALT elitholakalayo ekuhlalutyweni kwegazi elimnyama.
Yintoni i-ALT ekuhlolweni kwegazi?
U-Alanine aminotransferase yi-enzyme engapheliyo yeqela lokudlulisa kunye neqela elingu-aminotransferases. Iveliswa ngama-cell cell-hepatocytes. I-ALT itholakala ngokuyinhloko kwisibindi, kodwa ezinye ze-enzyme zifumaneka kwizintso, iintliziyo ze-muscle, i-pancreas kunye ne-muscle muscle tissue. Inxalenye encinane yale enzyme ifunyanwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwigazi (inkcazo yabasetyhini ifike kwi-31 U / l).
Umsebenzi ophezulu we-alanine aminotransferase idibene nokutshintshisiswa kwama-amino acids. Le nkunkuma isebenza njenge-catalyst ekudlulisweni kwee-molecule ezithile. Xa amandla e-metabolism ephazamiseka, ukunyuka kweembrane zeseli kwanda, okukhokelela ekubhujisweni kweeseli kunye nokukhululwa kwe-enzyme kwi-serum.
Izizathu zegazi eliphakamileyo le-ATL
Ukuba uhlalutyo lwe-biochemical lubonisa ukuba i-ALT egazini iphakanyisiwe, isizathu salo maxesha amaninzi umonakalo wesibindi. Kodwa kunye nokuxinwa kwale nkunkuma kunokunyuka ngenxa yeentsholongwane zamanye amalungu. Makhe siqwalasele, zeziphi izifo kunye nezinga elingakanani le-ALT elingadlula umgangatho:
- Ukunyuka kwama-20 ukuya kwe-100 kwi-ALT kunokubonakalisa i-hepatitis enzima ngenxa yomonakalo we-viral okanye utyhefu. Kwi-acute virus ye-hepatitis A, le nyukeko ibonwa malunga neveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokubonakala kwendoda ye-jaundice, kwaye emva kweveki ezi-3 zenzeke. Nge-virus ye-viral hepatitis B ne-C, i-ALT inokunyusa ngokungaqinisekanga, kwaye iyancipha ukuya kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Ukwanda kwoluphawu kunokuphinda kubonwe ngokunyanzeliswa kwesifo esingasasigxina, kodwa kulo mzekelo, ukugqithiswa kwesiqhelo kubangamaxesha amathathu ukuya kwezi-5.
- Ukuba i-ALT yonyuka ngama-2 ukuya kwezi-3, ngoko ikwazi ukuthetha ngesifo esingasinxilongo sesibindi (i-steatosis). Ukuguquka kweentsholongwane kwisigaba se-steatohepatitis kuhambelana nokunyuka okuphezulu kwinqanaba le-ALT, kunye nokwanda kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-bilirubin elipheleleyo kunye ngqo.
- Ukwanda kancinane kwintlawulo ye-alanine aminotransferase egazini idlalwa kwi-cirrhosis yesibindi, ehambelana nenkqubo enzulu yokutshintshwa kweeseli ze-hepatic ezineesisombululo.
- Ngamanye amaxesha ukwanda kwinqanaba le-enzyme kufunyenwe ngumonakalo wesibindi semetastatic. Kule meko, ikhudlwana i-lesion, enkulu inxinaniso ye-ALT egazini. Nangona kunjalo, nge-tumor yokuqala, umzekelo, kunye ne-hepatocellular carcinoma, ukuphambuka kwi-ATL evamile ayiyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, nto leyo iyanzima ukuxilongwa.
- Ukwanda kwe-ALT ukuya ku-600 U / L elandelwa ukuhla ngokukhawuleza kuyisimboli esichaphazelekayo sokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwimizila ye-bile.
Ukugqithisa okungaphezulu komgangatho kungabonwa xa:
- i-myocardial infarction;
- myocarditis;
- ukuhluleka kwentliziyo;
- pancreatitis ;
- ukutshitshiswa kobuso;
- i-hepatitis yotywala;
- mononucleosis;
- myositis;
- i-lymphoblastic leukemia;
- i-gestosis enamandla kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo (II trimester), njl.
Kwakhona, ukwanda kwe-ATL kungaba ngumphumo wokuthatha loo mayeza njengale:
- cholestatics;
- zokukhulelwa komlomo;
- estrogens;
- nicotinic acid;
- sulfonamide nabanye.