9 luninzi lwezilingo ezinobugwenxa kwimbali yengqondo

I-Psychology yenzululwazi ephonononga ukuziphatha komntu okanye isilwanyana kwindawo ethile. Uphando kulo mmandla ulunceda uluntu olutshanje luhambele phambili, khangela iimpendulo kwiinkalo ezivuthayo, ukujamelana nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ze- psyche . Uninzi lweempumelelo lwaluyimiphumo yecandelo elithoba elinobudlova kwiimbali zengqondo, nangona ezinye zazo azizange zindleko zonke iintlungu zokuphila kwabantu.

9 uninzi oluninzi olutshanje kwizengqondo

1. Uvavanyo olufuna ukubonakalisa ukuba isondo somntwana ekuzalweni akukhathazeki kwaye xa sifuna, singanyuswa ukusuka kwintsana njengentombazana, kunye nenkwenkwana. Impendulo yayinguBruce Reimer, owalukile kwiinyanga ezisibhozo, kodwa ipenisi isuswe yimpazamo yonyango. Isazi sezengqondo esaziwayo uJohn Mani saholela umntwana ukuba afike ebusheni, ukulungelelanisa kwiphephancwadi. Wanikwa imisebenzi emininzi, i-hormones, kodwa ekugqibeleni uvavanyo aluphumelelanga, kwaye onke amalungu entsapho achaphazelekayo: uyise waba ngumnxila, unina nomntakwabo babenxinzelelo olukhulu, kwaye uReimer yena eneminyaka eyi-38 wazibulala.
2. Iingcali ezi-9 ezikhohlakeleyo zibandakanya uphando lokuhlaliswa kwabantu ngabanye. Umcebisi uHarry Harlow wakhetha ii-cubs kubomama beenkwenkwezi kwaye zodwa iminyaka. Ukungaqhelekanga kwengqondo kwiintsana kuye kwaholela ekugqibeleni ukuba nokuba umntwana owonwabileyo akusikhuseli ekudakaleni .
3. Uvavanyo olukhokelela ekugqibeleni ukuba umntu uthobela lula kwigunya kwaye akazithengi ukwenza imiyalelo engacingi kakhulu. Kwakuqhutywa nguStanley Milgram, owanikezela imiyalelo yokulinga ukubetha ukukhutshwa komntu okhoyo kulo mvavanyo. Izifundo zaqhubeka zenza oku kwazi ukuba ukuphuma kwafikelela kuma-volts ama-450. Kwaye oku kungenye yezilwanyana ezi-9 ezinobungqina obukhohlakeleyo kwingqondo.
4. Uvavanyo oluneenjongo zokubona ukuxinezeleka okungapheliyo nokungabikho kokuphazamiseka kubonwa ngabanye emva kohlu lwezihlulo. Uvavanyo lwaluqhutyelwa kwizinja ngabafundi bezengqondo, uSteve Mayer noMark Seligman, ababeka izilwanyana kwiindawo ezikhutshwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ekugqibeleni, kwaze kwafudukela kwireji evulekile, izinja azizange zizame ukuphepha kwaye ziyeke ukuhlushwa. Baye baqhelisela ukukhuseleka.
5. Zama ukufundisisa uhlobo lwesaba kunye nama-phobias. Yenziwa nguJohn Watson ngaphezu kwenkwenkwe yenkwenkwezi eneminyaka engama-9, eyaqala ukwesaba i-rat emhlophe kunye nezinye izinto ezibandakanyekayo kuvavanyo. Kwimizamo nganye yomntwana ukuba adlale kunye nesilwanyana, ngasemva kwakhe bashaya isando sensimbi kwisitya sensimbi.
6. Kwimivavanyo engama-9 ekhohlakeleyo, lowo wafunda isakhono somntu kwabandakanyeka. Amava ayeqhutywe nguKarin Landis, owawuthatyayo ngexesha lokubonakalisa imizwa eyahlukeneyo. Kule meko, ayikho into eqhelekileyo kwintetho efunyenweyo, kunye neenkwenkwezi eziphilayo, ezo zifundo zizinqunyulwe iintloko, zifumana iintlungu ezinzima.
7. Ukuzama ukuhlola isiphumo seziyobisi emzimbeni wenziwa kwizilwanyana ezenzile ngokwabo umonakalo omkhulu kwaye ekugqibeleni zafa.
8. Zama ukufundisisa indlela yokuziphatha kunye nemigangatho yoluntu yabantu abaneemeko ezinobungozi kubo. Yenziwa nguFilipu Zimbardo phezu kwabafundi ekuxeliseni intolongo kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-Stanford ejele. Esi sikhokelo sakhe, amavolontiya ahlukaniswe baba ngabalindi kunye namabanjwa, ekugqibeleni bajwayele ukuxhomekeka kwimiba yabo eyingozi. Ukuphazamiseka ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuphela kwezinto zokuziphatha.
9. Zama ukucoca iinqununu zama-servicemen kubantu abangaboniyo ngokwesondo. Egcinwe ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 emkhosini waseMzantsi Afrika. Ngenxa yoko, malunga naba-1 000 abasebenza emkhosini, abachongwa ngamagqirha eengqondo, bathunyelwa unyango, baphoqelelwa ukuthatha amahomoni, kwaye abanye bafuna ukuba batshintshe ngesondo.